Science, Engineering and Design! Video 4: Prototyping - By MITK12Videos
Transcript
00:17 | Yeah . Every day we interact with many products that | |
00:29 | were designed by engineers . But how did all these | |
00:32 | things go from a first idea to a final product | |
00:35 | ? Well , a lot of the stuff in between | |
00:37 | is prototyping . Prototyping is a process by which we | |
00:41 | use material in time very efficiently in order to answer | |
00:45 | key questions about the things that we're trying to design | |
00:49 | . How can we make this mouse so that it's | |
00:51 | comfortable to hold ? How can we make this bike | |
00:55 | so it doesn't break when you ride it . These | |
00:58 | are the kind of questions you can answer with prototyping | |
01:01 | . Let's say you wanted to build a ball launcher | |
01:04 | like something a volleyball player could use to practice without | |
01:08 | any teammates . What would you build ? And what | |
01:10 | questions could it answer ? I want to know where | |
01:14 | to put the important parts in my design . And | |
01:16 | if it will be safe and if it will launch | |
01:19 | a ball high enough to answer some of these questions | |
01:22 | , Let's make our first prototype . All right , | |
01:25 | let's make our first prototype out of cardboard . Now | |
01:27 | , cardboard is great because it's inexpensive , you can | |
01:30 | find it around the house , it's easily workable and | |
01:35 | it's still pretty stiff , which makes it great for | |
01:38 | prototyping . Now , the first thing that we're gonna | |
01:40 | do is bend the cardboard , and for that , | |
01:43 | we're gonna use a straight edge . Use the straight | |
01:46 | edge to make a dent in the cardboard . But | |
01:48 | if it's too hard to make a dent , it | |
01:50 | helps to have a rubber mallet handy . Mhm . | |
01:56 | So , just to whack , you've got a nice | |
01:58 | clean bend . The next thing that we're gonna go | |
02:02 | over is cutting cardboard with a utility knife . Now | |
02:06 | , you have to be careful . These knives are | |
02:08 | incredibly sharp and that makes them one of the most | |
02:10 | dangerous tools in the shop . If you're not comfortable | |
02:13 | using one , then ask someone to give you a | |
02:16 | hand . Yeah , one tip is to keep the | |
02:21 | blade retracted until you're going to use it . That | |
02:25 | way , nobody accidentally picks it up with the blade | |
02:27 | out and gets hurt . Mm . Now , one | |
02:31 | safe way to make a cut is to pretend that | |
02:34 | your fingers have already been cut off . That way | |
02:37 | . They're not gonna stick out and get in the | |
02:39 | way of the cut . Then you just take your | |
02:42 | blade , you place it up against the straight edge | |
02:45 | and with a low cutting angle like this , not | |
02:47 | like this , you make a few gentle passes . | |
02:52 | Yeah , Now you want to use gentle passes . | |
02:56 | So that way , if you slip , you don't | |
02:58 | do any major damage , Go ahead and put the | |
03:01 | blade away . We've got a nice clean cut . | |
03:05 | The last thing that we're gonna do is we're gonna | |
03:07 | join pieces of cardboard together . And one tool that's | |
03:11 | great for doing that is a hot glue gun . | |
03:15 | Hot glue dries pretty quickly , and that makes it | |
03:17 | pretty nice for putting prototypes together . It's also great | |
03:22 | for joining cardboard , so it's really gonna stick it | |
03:25 | together well , so you kind of just want to | |
03:27 | get one solid bead down . Yeah . Mhm . | |
03:33 | Press the sheets of cardboard together and wait for about | |
03:37 | 10 , 15 seconds , and then you've got a | |
03:45 | nice strong joint . So now let's take these techniques | |
03:50 | and put them together to make a prototype . Yeah | |
04:09 | , Alright , so here's a model that I made | |
04:12 | to test that a viable launching concept , using just | |
04:16 | the techniques that we just went over for working with | |
04:18 | cardboard . You'll see it's just one big cardboard sheet | |
04:22 | with a few folds . Uh and I used a | |
04:25 | special technique down here to make a curve . I | |
04:28 | actually made a lot of cuts underneath the cardboard that | |
04:31 | didn't go all the way through . And that kind | |
04:32 | of let me bend the cardboard into this ranch . | |
04:35 | And then I've got this hammer here that's attached with | |
04:38 | another uh cardboard piece and that's going to act as | |
04:41 | a swinging wait , that's going to hit the volleyball | |
04:48 | and launch it up into the air . Mhm . | |
04:50 | So there are some other materials that you can use | |
04:52 | to make prototypes as well . One example is foam | |
04:55 | core , which is lightweight and still reasonably stiff and | |
04:59 | works in a lot of the ways that cardboard does | |
05:01 | phone cores , two sheets of paper with foam in | |
05:03 | the middle , and it's usually used as a backing | |
05:06 | for posters , but there's a lot of ways that | |
05:08 | you can use it to make prototypes . Another example | |
05:11 | is blue foam , which is usually considered sketching in | |
05:14 | three D . Because blue foam is really easy to | |
05:17 | work with and sands really well . Another option , | |
05:21 | if you're looking for something a little bit stiffer is | |
05:23 | would what is still pretty lightweight and it's pretty durable | |
05:27 | and it sounds really well , which makes it nice | |
05:29 | for making prototypes . I decided to make a prototype | |
05:33 | for a ball launcher out of wood in order to | |
05:36 | explore one concept a little further . So let's take | |
05:39 | a look at that . So , here's our more | |
05:41 | refined prototype . This prototype is put together with wood | |
05:45 | and aluminum , so it's a little bit more sturdy | |
05:47 | . It's going to be able to tell us a | |
05:49 | little bit more about our idea . Mhm . This | |
05:52 | thing was put together with power tools , things like | |
05:55 | saws and drills . Now , those techniques aren't featured | |
05:58 | in this video because you should really be safety trained | |
06:00 | before you try to operate those tools and a workshop | |
06:03 | space like this , that's dedicated to making prototypes . | |
06:06 | You can also see a lot of other really cool | |
06:08 | tools that help you make prototypes really quickly . We | |
06:12 | have a laser cutter which uses a powerful beam of | |
06:14 | light to cut sheets of materials like wood and plastic | |
06:18 | and really precise shapes . We also have a 3D | |
06:23 | printer that builds material up layer by layer to create | |
06:27 | really complicated geometries now that you know more about making | |
06:31 | prototypes , I hope you're excited to get out there | |
06:34 | and start buildings and stuff . Mhm . Yeah , | |
06:52 | mm hmm . Yeah . |
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