How To Discover A New Planet (Science Out Loud S1 Ep1) - By MITK12Videos
Transcript
| 00:00 | 25 years ago , most people would have told you | |
| 00:03 | that there are only nine planets in the universe . | |
| 00:05 | Since then we've lost one . Sorry , Pluto , | |
| 00:09 | but we've discovered thousands of others . So what happened | |
| 00:12 | ? Did astronomers suddenly get a new pair of glasses | |
| 00:14 | and now we're meeting all of our new neighbors ? | |
| 00:16 | Well , no , it turns out we could have | |
| 00:18 | seen these exit plants all along , but we only | |
| 00:20 | recently figured out exactly where and how to look . | |
| 00:24 | We call these new planets exoplanets or extrasolar plants . | |
| 00:29 | These are plants outside our own solar system . Up | |
| 00:31 | until a few decades ago , we only knew about | |
| 00:33 | plants in our own solar system , like venus , | |
| 00:36 | mercury and Earth . But in the last 20 years | |
| 00:39 | , we've discovered over 1000 confirmed plants outside our own | |
| 00:42 | solar system and over 3000 candidates that are probably planets | |
| 00:46 | . In fact , scientists think that there are quintillion | |
| 00:49 | of planets in our universe that we just haven't seen | |
| 00:51 | yet . We've known for the last 400 years about | |
| 00:56 | our nine well ate plants in our solar system . | |
| 01:00 | So how are we now just finding all of these | |
| 01:02 | other planets ? The simple answer is we've built telescopes | |
| 01:05 | that are made to find them and they use something | |
| 01:07 | called the Transit method . Here's an easy way to | |
| 01:11 | think about it . This light is a star and | |
| 01:15 | I am a transiting exoplanet when I pass in front | |
| 01:18 | of the star , you can't see my features , | |
| 01:20 | but you can see my outline and that's how , | |
| 01:22 | you know , I'm there and that's exactly how the | |
| 01:24 | transiting method works . This is real space telescope data | |
| 01:29 | . What scientists do is that they monitor the brightness | |
| 01:31 | of a star over time when they look for are | |
| 01:34 | these tiny dips in the overall light and that tells | |
| 01:37 | you that there may be a planet around that star | |
| 01:40 | . The Transit method needs planets that orbit their star | |
| 01:44 | quickly so that we can get lots of transit and | |
| 01:47 | get a good signal . This means that the plants | |
| 01:50 | need to be close to their star now in our | |
| 01:53 | own solar system . The plants that are closer to | |
| 01:55 | the star are the small rocky planets like mercury , | |
| 01:58 | venus and earth . Because astronomers used to think that | |
| 02:01 | every planetary system had to look like our own solar | |
| 02:04 | system , they thought that the planets that were close | |
| 02:06 | enough to the star to detect with the transit method | |
| 02:09 | were too small to see what their old telescopes , | |
| 02:11 | so they didn't even bother looking Had they looked , | |
| 02:15 | scientists could have found a jupiter sized planet right next | |
| 02:19 | to its host star . It turns out exoplanet systems | |
| 02:22 | are nothing like our own solar system . In fact | |
| 02:25 | , they're changing the way we see and study plant | |
| 02:28 | formation in our universe . Not only have you been | |
| 02:32 | able to find large planets next their stars , but | |
| 02:34 | we built better telescopes that can find these small rocky | |
| 02:37 | planets too . For example , Nasa's kepler telescope has | |
| 02:41 | found thousands of exoplanets using only the transit method . | |
| 02:46 | And now the next generation is coming . This is | |
| 02:49 | tess the transiting Exoplanet survey satellite She's going to be | |
| 02:54 | launched in 2017 is being built right now by Google | |
| 02:57 | M . IT and NASA Test . His main job | |
| 03:00 | is to look for exoplanets around the brightest and closest | |
| 03:03 | stars to our own solar system . With any luck | |
| 03:06 | , she'll find planets that are close enough that we | |
| 03:09 | can follow them up with other space and ground based | |
| 03:11 | telescopes to better understand their atmospheres and climates . It's | |
| 03:15 | amazing that such a simple method can help us find | |
| 03:18 | so many new planets . Just by looking for dips | |
| 03:20 | in brightness , we might be able to find a | |
| 03:22 | plant that can host life . All we had to | |
| 03:24 | know was exactly how and where to look . Yeah | |
| 00:0-1 | . |
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