Water Water Everywhere: Crash Course Kids #14.2 - By Crash Course Kids
Transcript
| 00:09 | what would we do without water ? No . Really | |
| 00:12 | ? What would we do without it ? Probably not | |
| 00:15 | very much because we need fresh water to live . | |
| 00:18 | But some living things have found ways to get a | |
| 00:20 | lot out of . Very little . We've talked about | |
| 00:22 | fresh water and the fact that there's not very much | |
| 00:24 | of it on earth to give you an idea of | |
| 00:26 | how little there really is . Think of it this | |
| 00:28 | way , if all of the earth's water were placed | |
| 00:30 | into a gallon jug , the freshwater would equal a | |
| 00:32 | single teaspoon . That's it . But this picture doesn't | |
| 00:35 | especially good job of showing just how much of each | |
| 00:38 | kind of water there is on earth . See the | |
| 00:40 | three blue dots . The biggest one represents all of | |
| 00:43 | the water on our planet , salt and fresh . | |
| 00:45 | So that includes all of the water in the oceans | |
| 00:47 | , glaciers , lakes , rivers , plus all of | |
| 00:49 | the ground water and the water in the atmosphere . | |
| 00:52 | And even the water in you and me . The | |
| 00:55 | medium size dot next to it represents all of our | |
| 00:57 | planet's liquid freshwater , including the freshwater that's underground and | |
| 01:00 | locked in glaciers . And what about that ? Teeny | |
| 01:03 | tiny dot . Yeah . That little guy . Well | |
| 01:05 | that's all of the surface freshwater that humans , plants | |
| 01:08 | and animals actually can get too . If you think | |
| 01:10 | that's a really small amount of fresh water for all | |
| 01:12 | the living things on our planet . Well , you're | |
| 01:15 | right . It is . But plants and animals live | |
| 01:17 | and thrive all over the earth in places with lots | |
| 01:20 | of fresh water and in places with very little fresh | |
| 01:23 | water . So how do they survive ? Let's take | |
| 01:30 | a look at two different kinds of environments . One | |
| 01:32 | with plenty of fresh water and one with very little | |
| 01:35 | to see how living things make it work in both | |
| 01:37 | places . We'll start somewhere with a lot of fresh | |
| 01:40 | water . I can't think of a better example than | |
| 01:46 | Russia's Lake Baikal , the deepest lake in the world | |
| 01:49 | and holds about 1/5 of the world's freshwater . The | |
| 01:51 | nearly 2000 plant and animal species that live in like | |
| 01:54 | Michael have adapted to their super huge and wet but | |
| 01:57 | very cold home . Michael's most famous resident , that | |
| 02:01 | would be the nerpa . The nerpa is one of | |
| 02:02 | the world's only species of freshwater seal . No one | |
| 02:05 | really knows how these guys ended up in a freshwater | |
| 02:07 | lake , but they've adapted pretty well to their landlocked | |
| 02:10 | habitat . One an example , check out their flippers | |
| 02:13 | . Their flippers are bigger and stronger than other seal's | |
| 02:15 | flippers . Why ? Well , during the winter , | |
| 02:18 | almost the whole lake is covered with thick ice . | |
| 02:20 | Saltwater seals live under the ice in winter too , | |
| 02:23 | but it's usually easy for them to find places in | |
| 02:25 | the ocean where they can get to the surface to | |
| 02:27 | breathe . Like baikal , however , can completely freeze | |
| 02:30 | over in the winter , and the nerpa unfortunately sometimes | |
| 02:33 | finds itself trapped under the ice . That's when they | |
| 02:36 | use those superstrong flippers to make big breathing holes . | |
| 02:39 | They stay near their holes for long periods of time | |
| 02:41 | , constantly scratching at them to keep them from freezing | |
| 02:43 | over nervous . Also have more blood about two leaders | |
| 02:46 | more than other seals , which lets them store oxygen | |
| 02:49 | for longer and therefore stay underwater longer than some of | |
| 02:52 | their other seal buddies . Okay , so the nerpa | |
| 02:54 | is awesome and a wonderful example of an animal that's | |
| 02:57 | adapted to the presence of lots of fresh water . | |
| 02:59 | Let's go someplace warmer to see what life can be | |
| 03:01 | like when there's not a lot of fresh water around | |
| 03:04 | . Welcome to the Sahara in Africa desert have very | |
| 03:06 | little water with sources of surface water that can change | |
| 03:09 | throughout the year depending on things like rainfall . The | |
| 03:11 | Sahara has some bodies of water that many plants and | |
| 03:14 | animals depend on for freshwater , but there's not very | |
| 03:16 | many of them . One of these lakes located on | |
| 03:19 | the edges of the Sahara is called lake chad . | |
| 03:21 | It's tiny compared to lake baikal in Russia . Let's | |
| 03:24 | compare lake chad and lake baikal side by side using | |
| 03:26 | bar graphs . One shows the surface area of each | |
| 03:29 | lake and the other shows how deep they are . | |
| 03:32 | Wow , there's definitely a lot more fresh water for | |
| 03:35 | the animals near Lake baikal than at lake chad , | |
| 03:37 | according to these graphs . Good thing . A lot | |
| 03:40 | of the animals in the Sahara rarely need to drink | |
| 03:42 | water . Why not ? Because they have adapted to | |
| 03:45 | their really , really warm home ? In the case | |
| 03:47 | of the addicts antelope , they actually changed the color | |
| 03:50 | of their hair . So how does that help them | |
| 03:53 | deal with a lack of water ? Well , in | |
| 03:54 | the summer , the addicts has a white coat that | |
| 03:56 | reflects sunlight that helps it keep cool . In the | |
| 03:59 | winter there coat turns to light brown to help them | |
| 04:01 | absorb more heat . This strict keeps their body temperature | |
| 04:04 | stable year round and this means that in the summer | |
| 04:06 | they don't need as much water as you are . | |
| 04:08 | I might to cool ourselves off . Makes me kind | |
| 04:10 | of wish I could change my hair color . What | |
| 04:12 | do you guys think about purple ? No . Okay | |
| 04:20 | , so what have we learned from our trips to | |
| 04:22 | Russia and africa ? Some animals live near lots of | |
| 04:24 | fresh water and some don't and both kinds can thrive | |
| 04:28 | , thinks that their adaptations to the places where they | |
| 04:30 | live . So to answer our big question yes , | |
| 04:33 | living things can survive with limited fresh water , but | |
| 04:37 | only if they can adapt . I'm off to try | |
| 04:39 | on a purple wig to see how it looks . | |
| 04:42 | It's probably not gonna look that great . |
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