Let's Take a Hike: Crash Course Kids #30.1 - By Crash Course Kids
Transcript
| 00:09 | This shouldn't come as a shock to you , but | |
| 00:11 | I am a living thing and I am sitting on | |
| 00:14 | some non living things . I'm supported by a chair | |
| 00:16 | of floor and beneath that the ground . So right | |
| 00:19 | now you are witnessing the exciting combination of two of | |
| 00:22 | Earth's systems . Okay . Maybe not that exciting . | |
| 00:25 | But just wait by now . You're super familiar with | |
| 00:29 | the four spheres , the geo sphere , the biosphere | |
| 00:31 | , the hydro sphere and the atmosphere . And every | |
| 00:34 | day just by walking around you , you are an | |
| 00:37 | example of the biosphere interacting with the geo sphere . | |
| 00:40 | Most of the time we take the geo sphere for | |
| 00:41 | granted . Sure , you may hoffan puff when you | |
| 00:44 | walk up a hill . But do you ever stop | |
| 00:46 | to think about how the geo sphere changes things ? | |
| 00:49 | So today we're going to take a couple of minutes | |
| 00:51 | to consider the ways in which the biosphere can be | |
| 00:54 | affected by the geo sphere . Think of it this | |
| 01:01 | way . All plants and animals need a space with | |
| 01:03 | the right temperature , moisture and sunlight . They also | |
| 01:06 | need other living things around them , right where they | |
| 01:08 | belong ? It's their habitat . Now , it might | |
| 01:10 | seem like the habitats of plants and animals just exist | |
| 01:13 | on top of the jail sphere . But sometimes geology | |
| 01:16 | can have a huge impact on those habitats and the | |
| 01:19 | creatures that live in them . And sometimes those changes | |
| 01:21 | just sort of happened . And we have to look | |
| 01:23 | closely to notice the effect . But other times it's | |
| 01:26 | a huge earth shaking event , like seriously earth shaking | |
| 01:31 | to see these effects in action . Let's take a | |
| 01:33 | hike . We'll visit one of the most famous hunks | |
| 01:36 | of rock in the world . Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania | |
| 01:39 | , a country in africa , mm hmm Kilimanjaro is | |
| 01:46 | a land form a natural feature of the earth's surface | |
| 01:49 | . So it's part of the geo sphere and it's | |
| 01:51 | covered in life grass , shrubs , trees , insects | |
| 01:55 | , and other animals . It's practically a party . | |
| 01:57 | Well , a very orderly party . Let me explain | |
| 02:01 | . A mountain by definition is pretty vertical . As | |
| 02:05 | we walk toward it , you'll notice that the ground | |
| 02:06 | starts to slope up and for a while the climate | |
| 02:09 | at the base of Kilimanjaro seems the same as the | |
| 02:11 | area around it , a grassy kind of land known | |
| 02:14 | as the savannah . The temperature here is warm year | |
| 02:17 | round and it's mostly dry except for a short , | |
| 02:19 | very rainy summer season . The landscape is covered in | |
| 02:22 | shrubs and the occasional tree and all our favorite Lion | |
| 02:25 | King friends live there also . This land is pretty | |
| 02:28 | particularly good for farming , so it's full of one | |
| 02:31 | species . Humans remember people are part of the biosphere | |
| 02:35 | two . But let's keep walking the slope of Kilimanjaro | |
| 02:38 | forces air to move up , cooling and condensing and | |
| 02:41 | precipitating or raining . So as we go higher , | |
| 02:43 | we enter a different zone , a rainforest . It's | |
| 02:46 | humid rainy and totally bursting with plant and animal life | |
| 02:50 | monkeys , birds and antelope . Called this part of | |
| 02:52 | the mountain home . As we move even higher up | |
| 02:55 | on the mountain , you'll feel the temperature starting to | |
| 02:57 | cool . In general temperatures decreased . An average of | |
| 03:01 | six degrees Celsius for every 1000 m . You move | |
| 03:04 | up so soon we'll hit an area that's much cooler | |
| 03:06 | and drier . The trees start to thin , eventually | |
| 03:09 | getting replaced by scrubby grass and low lying shrubs . | |
| 03:12 | It can even get frosty at night . Here you | |
| 03:14 | may see an eagle fly overhead or some rodents scurrying | |
| 03:17 | across the ground . This area is called the More | |
| 03:20 | Land , but our hike isn't done yet . After | |
| 03:23 | about six days of climbing , we're coming close to | |
| 03:25 | the top of Kilimanjaro up here , water is super | |
| 03:28 | scarce and it's cold . There is almost no plants | |
| 03:31 | or animals and the ground is covered in ice or | |
| 03:34 | just bare rock , temperatures up here can go down | |
| 03:37 | to negative 18 degrees Celsius . This area gets so | |
| 03:40 | little rainfall that it's an alpine desert . It's kind | |
| 03:44 | of crazy . Even as we're shivering up at the | |
| 03:45 | very top , we can look down and see lions | |
| 03:48 | sunning themselves on the hot savannah below . So this | |
| 03:51 | one land form has generated four distinct habitats . The | |
| 03:55 | shape of the mountain change the kind of plants and | |
| 03:57 | animals living on it . If the mountain weren't there | |
| 04:00 | , we would just have flat grassy savannah everywhere . | |
| 04:03 | But instead the Geo sphere created an environment where different | |
| 04:07 | plants and animals could flourish . Of course , the | |
| 04:09 | geo sphere can sometimes have a more drastic effect on | |
| 04:13 | the biosphere . I promised excitement . What if our | |
| 04:15 | peaceful mountain was really a volcano ? Well , I'm | |
| 04:18 | about to blow your mind because it is , Kilimanjaro | |
| 04:22 | is a dormant volcano , meaning that it's not active | |
| 04:25 | . So don't worry . Scientists think it's last major | |
| 04:27 | eruption was about 360,000 years ago when a volcano erupts | |
| 04:32 | hot gas ashes and lava flow out , destroying all | |
| 04:36 | plants and animals in their path . Sad , but | |
| 04:40 | the lava isn't all bad . Volcanic soil is very | |
| 04:43 | rich in nutrients . So after the volcano has gone | |
| 04:46 | on its rampage plants will grow bigger and more numerous | |
| 04:49 | on top . You might say that volcanoes are more | |
| 04:52 | extreme . Examples of how the geo sphere can affect | |
| 04:54 | the biosphere . So if you're like me and you're | |
| 05:01 | a living thing , then keep in mind that lots | |
| 05:03 | of non living things in the world can affect the | |
| 05:05 | way we live . It may seem like the ground | |
| 05:07 | is just the stage where the show of life plays | |
| 05:09 | out . But we've got to give the geo sphere | |
| 05:11 | more credit than that . It's not just the stage | |
| 05:14 | , it's an actor too |
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Let's Take a Hike: Crash Course Kids #30.1 is a free educational video by Crash Course Kids.
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