Polarity, Resonance, and Electron Pushing: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #10 - By CrashCourse
Transcript
| 00:0-1 | You can review content from Crash course Organic Chemistry with | |
| 00:02 | the Crash course app available now for android and IOS | |
| 00:05 | devices . Hi , I'm Dave okay Chakravarty and welcome | |
| 00:08 | to Crash course Organic Chemistry , Whether we're talking about | |
| 00:11 | romantic relationships or magnets , there's that cliche opposites attract | |
| 00:15 | for people while it's complicated , some psychologists say it's | |
| 00:19 | because we seek what we don't have while others say | |
| 00:23 | it's not really a thing . So who knows ? | |
| 00:25 | But for magnets , opposites attract has to do with | |
| 00:27 | polarity in physics . And that goes for other science | |
| 00:30 | to like organic chemistry in polar molecules , opposite charges | |
| 00:34 | do attract and positive and negative regions of molecules are | |
| 00:37 | drawn together to understand polar molecules . We have to | |
| 00:40 | understand the reactive sites by thinking critically about those negatively | |
| 00:43 | charged particles . Electrons yeah , yeah . When atoms | |
| 00:57 | are bonded together , they don't necessarily share electrons equally | |
| 01:00 | . One element could be a little greedier than another | |
| 01:03 | . Electro negativity is the atomic property . That helps | |
| 01:06 | us think about how much one atom will attract electrons | |
| 01:08 | in the bond compared to other atoms . Because electro | |
| 01:11 | negativity depends on two atoms in a relationship with each | |
| 01:14 | other . The electro negativity of a specific element can | |
| 01:17 | vary a little depending on what chemical compound it's a | |
| 01:19 | part of that gets a little complicated , but thankfully | |
| 01:22 | , scientists of the past have done a lot of | |
| 01:24 | work for us . American chemist Linus Pauling developed a | |
| 01:27 | relative electro negativity scale which ranks the elements from most | |
| 01:31 | electro negative , which is flooring to lease . We | |
| 01:33 | can use Pauling scale to determine a couple things about | |
| 01:36 | molecules . First , electro negativity can tell us about | |
| 01:39 | atomic bonding , which is exactly what it sounds like | |
| 01:42 | , the bonds that hold atoms together . A big | |
| 01:44 | difference in electro negativity between two atoms means an ionic | |
| 01:47 | bond . A small difference means a non polar co | |
| 01:50 | valent bond and everything in between is a polar Covalin | |
| 01:53 | bond . For example , the electro negativity difference between | |
| 01:56 | a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom and a water | |
| 01:58 | molecule is about 1.4 in the polar Covalin bonds . | |
| 02:02 | Own second electro negativity can tell us about regions of | |
| 02:05 | charging molecules sticking with our water molecule example , oxygen | |
| 02:09 | is quite electro negative and attracts electrons through its bonds | |
| 02:12 | , making it partially negative . The hydrogen have lower | |
| 02:15 | electro negativity and with oxygen stealing electrons away their partially | |
| 02:19 | positive , we can draw these partial charges with the | |
| 02:21 | lower case greek , letter delta and a plus or | |
| 02:24 | minus sign . Now we also know that a water | |
| 02:26 | molecule has a bent molecular shape , so one side | |
| 02:29 | of the molecule has a concentration of negative charge while | |
| 02:32 | the other is positive . |
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