Advanced Conversation with Jennifer on Health Care in the U.S. - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12

Advanced Conversation with Jennifer on Health Care in the U.S. - By JenniferESL

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00:00	Hi I'm jennifer from english with jennifer and I'm ready
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00:29	I'm going to share vocabulary and information related to health
00:32	care in the US . I'll do my best to
00:35	give a balanced presentation . It's not my goal to
00:38	promote a political agenda . As an english language teacher
00:43	, I'm here to offer the language support that learners
00:46	will need to follow and participate in discussions about health
00:50	care . So are you ready ? Let's get started
01:00	. Mhm . Health care refers to the services you
01:06	get to prevent and treat medical problems . When we
01:10	talk about our health were referring to our physical and
01:13	mental well being in the U . S . We
01:18	have many medical professionals and in general health care professionals
01:22	who provide services for our physical and mental health .
01:28	A health care provider isn't necessarily a doctor or a
01:32	nurse . Healthcare providers include therapists , counselors and various
01:37	technicians . Note that health care can be written as
01:43	one word or two , just be consistent in your
01:46	own writing . The health care system in the U
01:51	. S . Can be confusing . There are different
01:54	ways you can get medical treatment and basically any visit
01:58	to any medical center involves paperwork and some form of
02:02	payment by someone . Hospitals , clinics and private practices
02:08	need to get paid . Even after you get treatment
02:12	, you may have to worry about completing more paperwork
02:15	and making additional payments . Let's start with a fundamental
02:21	question is healthcare a basic human right or a privilege
02:26	? A human right is something everyone should have .
02:29	A privilege is a benefit , something good and useful
02:34	, but not everyone receives it . If we talk
02:38	about getting a basic education , for example , every
02:42	child in the us has access to public schools ,
02:45	it's their right to get an education from Kindergarten through
02:48	12th grade . Our public schools are paid for with
02:53	tax dollars . If you are a U . S
02:55	. Citizen or resident you pay local state and federal
03:00	taxes . Whether you have school aged Children or not
03:04	, tax money funds , the public school system ,
03:07	families don't pay tuition at public schools . Now ,
03:13	with healthcare , we don't really have a free healthcare
03:15	system for everyone . You'll hear terms like national health
03:20	care system or universal healthcare . We don't have that
03:24	kind of program where services are free for everyone .
03:30	However , tax dollars are used to pay for federal
03:34	and state medical programs that some people participate in .
03:38	I'll explain more a bit later . Yeah . Yeah
03:55	. Mhm . I'd say the majority of americans have
04:01	health insurance and most often it's employer based insurance .
04:06	That means that people have health insurance policies through their
04:10	employers . The policy is the agreement in terms health
04:16	insurance is a benefit , employers can give employers pay
04:21	most of the cost of the policy and then the
04:24	remaining money is deducted or taken out of your paycheck
04:30	. A health insurance policy for one employee can cover
04:34	that individual or an entire family . For example ,
04:38	my husband has a full time job with a company
04:42	. Health insurance is one of his benefits . He's
04:45	the policy holder as his spouse . I'm insured and
04:50	our Children are eligible , dependants eligible means they meet
04:55	all the requirements to be considered dependence , so they're
04:59	insured too . We can talk about being insured or
05:04	covered . It's the same thing . Our family has
05:08	insurance , we have coverage . Those are the new
05:12	ones , Even as a benefit . Health insurance is
05:18	expensive . I read that the average company contributes 70-80
05:23	towards health insurance . The employee pays the rest if
05:29	you have a family plan more is deducted from your
05:33	paycheck . Even after those deductions , you still have
05:37	copays and deductibles . Getting confused by all the terminology
05:44	. We can get confused too . Sometimes the premium
05:48	is the total cost . It's the amount you pay
05:51	in order to have a health insurance policy . When
05:55	you hear people talk about high premiums or premiums going
05:59	up there , talking about high costs or costs going
06:03	up . As I said , the employer usually covers
06:07	most of the premium . The rest you have to
06:10	contribute as the employee . It's taken out of your
06:13	paycheck copay is short for co payment . This is
06:20	the amount of money that you have to pay when
06:22	you visit a health care provider and receive some kind
06:26	of service . A copay is in addition to your
06:31	premium , for example , it maybe 10 to $25
06:36	when you visit your regular doctor , who we call
06:39	your primary care physician or your primary care provider .
06:47	But your copay to see a specialist will be even
06:50	higher , maybe $30 or $50 . And if you
06:55	have to go to the emergency room , your copay
06:58	maybe as much as 12 or even $300 . Some
07:05	argue that copay served at least one purpose and that's
07:08	to reduce the use of services . If you know
07:11	you have a copay then you're not so quick to
07:14	seek medical attention for every little problem . We also
07:21	have copays for medicine at the pharmacy . Your health
07:24	insurance policy will usually cover a larger percentage of the
07:28	cost . Some of my co pays are as low
07:31	as $7 . Others $70 . Then there are things
07:38	that you need but they're not covered by insurance like
07:41	a back brace or vitamins you have to pay out
07:46	of pocket . These things are an out of pocket
07:49	expense . For example there's a little bottle of vitamins
07:53	that I need . It lasts for about three months
07:56	. Each bottle is over $100 that's not covered by
08:00	my insurance deductibles are not to be confused with premiums
08:08	. The premium is the total cost of your plan
08:11	. A deductible is the amount you have to pay
08:14	before your insurance will start covering your medical expenses .
08:21	Maybe you have a $500 deductible . That means you
08:24	have to spend $500 before the insurance company starts covering
08:29	expenses . You might have a high premium with a
08:35	low deductible or a low premium with a high deductible
08:39	. In short health insurance companies are running a business
08:43	and they have to make money . Yeah . Yeah
08:50	. Mhm . Yeah . Yeah . Yeah . With
09:03	premiums deductibles co pays and out of pocket expenses .
09:07	You don't want to get sick . It's expensive .
09:11	Well the good news is that many preventive health care
09:14	services are covered under a plan . For example ,
09:18	we don't have copays when we get our flu shot
09:20	and we don't pay extra when we go for our
09:24	yearly eye exam or when we go for dental cleanings
09:28	twice a year . Keeping people healthy , avoids bigger
09:32	costs right ? But everyone gets sick now and then
09:37	injuries happen . Health problems arise especially as you get
09:41	older . What do you do if you don't have
09:45	private health insurance ? We have one federal program called
09:51	Medicare . It's mainly for the elderly . So if
09:54	you're over 65 you're entitled to Medicare . And if
09:59	you have some kind of disability you can get coverage
10:02	from Medicare . Those over 65 likely contributed earlier when
10:09	they were younger and paid taxes . So coverage and
10:14	retirement makes sense . Most everyone agrees . Even on
10:19	Medicare you'll have premiums deductibles and co pays at least
10:24	that's what I understand . If you can't afford there's
10:28	additional expenses . Then there's Medicaid . Medicaid is another
10:33	government program . It's a federal and state program that
10:37	offers financial assistance to low income patients . Yeah .
10:49	Yeah mm . Mhm . In the U . S
10:59	. We have a law that allows everyone to get
11:02	medical treatment in an emergency situation regardless of their ability
11:07	to pay mm . Tala stands for Emergency Medical Treatment
11:13	and Labour Act . It's a law that says you
11:16	have to give a patient any patient access to emergency
11:21	services . So here's how I understand the law .
11:26	Under um tele Medicare participating hospitals with emergency services must
11:31	screen all patients coming to the emergency room . The
11:35	er then if there is an emergency condition , the
11:40	hospital must treat and stabilize the patient . So there
11:44	should be no patient dumping . But um Tala does
11:47	not necessarily require ongoing care . Once a hospital has
11:52	met its um Talal obligations , it's no longer obligated
11:56	to provide services to that patient . The challenge with
12:02	this kind of law is funding Costs and charges are
12:07	two different things . Hospital may not charge a patient
12:12	for a service , but there's still a cost to
12:15	the hospital . How much can be given for free
12:19	before hospital doesn't have enough money to cover its expenses
12:24	and pay its employees . The government has a set
12:29	amount of money for health care . How should that
12:32	money be managed ? The um tele law ties into
12:37	the issue of ethics , ethics has to do with
12:40	what is morally right and wrong . Health care is
12:45	a business in any business faces the challenge of managing
12:49	finances while still being ethical . But can a healthcare
12:54	facilities stay in business if too many services are given
12:57	for free ? Yeah . Mm . Yeah . Health
13:17	care almost always makes the news headlines . There are
13:20	often new policies , new proposals and new controversial cases
13:25	that make us question how we can improve our current
13:28	health care system . Some believe the current system has
13:33	some good aspects and it simply needs to be improved
13:36	and fixed in certain areas . Others say the current
13:41	system doesn't work . It needs to be replaced with
13:44	universal healthcare for all residents in the US . You'll
13:48	hear these people talk about the need for a complete
13:51	overhaul . That's a complete change . Many of the
13:58	2020 . US . Democratic presidential candidates have very progressive
14:02	proposals . A number of them want Medicare for all
14:06	, a government run program . This would mean no
14:11	more private insurance companies . Americans would pay taxes and
14:15	taxes would cover medical services for everyone under Medicare for
14:21	all hospitals , clinics and pharmacies would receive payment from
14:25	one pair the government . So you'll hear the term
14:29	single payer healthcare . Some candidates are proposing more moderate
14:36	versions of this reform so that americans could keep their
14:39	health insurance coverage through their employers and still work with
14:44	private insurance companies . So some are proposing Medicare for
14:50	all who want it . You'd still have the option
14:53	to work with a private insurer , you'd still have
14:55	the option to keep insurance through your employer . The
15:01	public option allows people to buy in if they want
15:04	to . At least . That's how I understand it
15:08	again . Health care is confusing so I apologize for
15:11	any inaccuracies . I'm explaining the concepts as I understand
15:16	them . We had a degree of reform under President
15:20	Obama when the Affordable Care Act was created , that
15:24	was back in 2010 and it was created to expand
15:28	coverage to those who were without any . One of
15:33	the controversial ideas has been to require or mandate that
15:37	everyone has to have insurance . If you don't buy
15:40	in , you have to pay a penalty . The
15:44	logic is that everyone has to buy in or pay
15:47	the penalty . So there should be enough money to
15:50	cover the treatment of those who need it . But
15:55	this is one point that causes arguments . The young
15:58	and healthy have less need for health insurance and medical
16:01	services in general . So they may wish to live
16:04	without insurance and avoid unnecessary costs . Is it right
16:09	to create a universal health care system and require everyone
16:13	to participate ? Mm mm . Yeah . So I've
16:33	mentioned the Medicare for All plan . It's a universal
16:36	health care system and there are at least two ways
16:39	of looking at it . On the one hand ,
16:42	everyone gets coverage , those who need medical services received
16:46	those services . On the other hand , everyone is
16:49	required to buy in to contribute tax dollars . So
16:54	essentially it also means that healthy people are paying for
16:57	others medical expenses , arguments arise over how much each
17:04	person should contribute . Should people with higher incomes pay
17:08	more ? How much more ? What's fair ? Low
17:13	income households are unable to contribute as much . Yet
17:16	households with a higher income might argue that they are
17:20	being asked to shoulder too much of the burden .
17:23	This is especially true of the middle or upper middle
17:26	class . Some politicians argue that although people would be
17:31	paying higher taxes , their health care costs would be
17:34	lower . With things balance out . In the end
17:38	, would they be better ? Would they be worse
17:43	? Plenty of residents and citizens have come from other
17:46	countries . Countries with state run healthcare systems and there
17:50	are mixed opinions . On the one hand , countries
17:54	with universal healthcare systems don't have to deal with all
17:58	the paperwork and billing issues that we americans do because
18:02	of our private insurance companies . On the other hand
18:05	, there are stories of longer wait times at the
18:08	doctor's office or just to schedule appointments and services .
18:14	There's a question of quality care . Would a government
18:18	run healthcare system be able to pay medical professionals well
18:23	if doctors and nurses and other health care professionals aren't
18:27	paid well , will they have enough incentive to perform
18:31	well every day and with every patient I'll end here
18:38	. There's a lot to think about . I welcome
18:40	you to post opinions and the comments but I ask
18:43	that everyone expressed ideas respectfully . Let's be open to
18:47	hearing different points of view as we continue this discussion
18:53	. If you found this lesson useful then please like
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18:59	like to talk about health care or any other topic
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19:33	Mm

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