The Heart of the Matter: An Introduction to Engineering Heart Tissue - By MITK12Videos
Transcript
| 00:10 | Hey guys today , I'm going to give you a | |
| 00:12 | brief overview of your heart . How can break and | |
| 00:15 | thinks that researchers are doing today to fix it . | |
| 00:18 | What you're breaking up with me , but you're breaking | |
| 00:22 | my heart . That wasn't exactly what I had in | |
| 00:27 | mind . See , I was talking about your literal | |
| 00:29 | heart . You know the thing that beats inside of | |
| 00:31 | you , The thing that keeps you alive ? Just | |
| 00:34 | uh , never mind her . Why don't you guys | |
| 00:37 | just come with me ? Your heart is a pretty | |
| 00:39 | complicated organ . But for the purposes of this video | |
| 00:42 | , I'm going to simplify things a little bit . | |
| 00:44 | There are veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the rest | |
| 00:47 | of your body back to the heart . This blood | |
| 00:50 | gets pumped to your lungs where gas exchange occurs , | |
| 00:53 | putting oxygen in the blood and taking carbon dioxide out | |
| 00:57 | . Now this new 02 equipped blood goes back to | |
| 01:00 | your heart , which then can be carried to the | |
| 01:03 | rest of your body through arteries . The aorta is | |
| 01:06 | the biggest artery in your body carrying blood out of | |
| 01:09 | your heart and it branches off into all sorts of | |
| 01:12 | arteries that eventually connect to the rest of the muscles | |
| 01:14 | in your body . However , your heart is a | |
| 01:16 | muscle to and it needs oxygen to function . So | |
| 01:20 | there are coronary arteries that branch from the aorta and | |
| 01:23 | deliver oxygen rich blood back to the heart muscle . | |
| 01:26 | So let's recap what we just learned . Your blood | |
| 01:29 | carries oxygen to muscles in your body because your muscles | |
| 01:31 | need oxygen in order to move blood that doesn't have | |
| 01:35 | oxygen , which we call deoxygenated blood goes to your | |
| 01:38 | heart through veins where it can then be sent to | |
| 01:41 | the long , straight oxygen that blood that has all | |
| 01:44 | this new oxygen in it gets sent to muscles in | |
| 01:46 | your body , including your heart through arteries , your | |
| 01:49 | heart needs oxygen to pump and beat . Sound good | |
| 01:52 | so far I guess so Generally this is a pretty | |
| 01:55 | good system of keeping your body functioning and happy . | |
| 01:58 | However , heart disease is one of the biggest killers | |
| 02:00 | in our country , so clearly something can go wrong | |
| 02:03 | with this system Now the good news is that most | |
| 02:07 | of the time you can prevent heart attacks and heart | |
| 02:09 | disease through diet and a healthy lifestyle . But what | |
| 02:13 | exactly breaks the heart then a Mario cardio infarction or | |
| 02:17 | what most of us call a heart attack , is | |
| 02:20 | the death of heart cells caused by a blockage of | |
| 02:22 | blood flow to the heart . Most of the time | |
| 02:25 | this happens when a coronary artery remember these guys carry | |
| 02:28 | oxygenated blood back to the heart . Includes a fancy | |
| 02:32 | word for block by atherosclerotic plaque . See over time | |
| 02:37 | , cholesterol , fatty acids and white blood cells can | |
| 02:40 | collect and harden on the insides of the artery , | |
| 02:42 | narrowing the space through which blood can flow . No | |
| 02:46 | blood means no oxygen to the heart , and no | |
| 02:48 | oxygen means serious damage or death of the heart muscle | |
| 02:51 | tissue . Cardiac maya sites adult Hartsell muscles cannot regenerate | |
| 02:57 | or heal themselves , so instead your body forms a | |
| 03:00 | scar in the damaged area . Wait , doesn't that | |
| 03:03 | lead to irregular heartbeats ? Another really bad consequences . | |
| 03:07 | Exactly , scars can't move the way the rest of | |
| 03:10 | the heart does when it pumps because it can't contract | |
| 03:12 | , so the heart becomes weaker now , the way | |
| 03:15 | the damage is usually treated is through bypass surgery , | |
| 03:18 | which involves taking healthy vessels from another part of your | |
| 03:21 | body and grafting them onto the damaged area . Drugs | |
| 03:24 | that reduce the blood clotting can be used , as | |
| 03:27 | well as other surgical techniques , like angioplasty , which | |
| 03:30 | uses balloons to stretch out the occluded artery . But | |
| 03:34 | as you can imagine , there's tons of risks associated | |
| 03:36 | with these treatments . That's why there's so much research | |
| 03:39 | going on today on building artificial and healthy heart walls | |
| 03:42 | and blood vessels . One field of research seeks to | |
| 03:45 | create vascular prostheses or essentially create new blood vessels to | |
| 03:50 | replace or repair the damaged ones . There are three | |
| 03:52 | approaches to this field . Doctors use a fabric that's | |
| 03:56 | kind of like a thin sponge and roll it up | |
| 03:58 | into a tube . It gets covered with a thin | |
| 04:01 | layer of natural stuff from your blood . So your | |
| 04:03 | body gets tricked into thinking it's a normal blood vessel | |
| 04:09 | . The problem with this approach is that this graph | |
| 04:11 | tends to be a lot stiffer than normal blood vessels | |
| 04:13 | , creating what is called a compliance mismatch . The | |
| 04:17 | stiffness of the prosthesis doesn't match the stiffness of the | |
| 04:20 | native vessel , which it is stitched , too . | |
| 04:22 | This prevents blood from flowing normally and can lead to | |
| 04:26 | another heart attack . Now , another approach to uses | |
| 04:29 | autographs where vessels are taken from another part of the | |
| 04:32 | patient's body , just like the bypass surgery I mentioned | |
| 04:35 | before , this isn't an ideal situation but generally works | |
| 04:39 | okay . This leads us to our current situation . | |
| 04:41 | What if we could just grow blood vessels in the | |
| 04:44 | lab ? The newest approach is to use a tissue | |
| 04:46 | engineered blood vessel . In this case , a researcher | |
| 04:49 | will take a scaffold , a sponge like material made | |
| 04:52 | of special proteins that supports and hold cells and is | |
| 04:55 | similar in its biology to the environment . Normal cells | |
| 04:59 | . They'll add cells , endothelial cells , smooth muscle | |
| 05:02 | cells and culture in a certain condition . Sometimes they'll | |
| 05:07 | even pulse it to promote the formation of blood vessels | |
| 05:11 | . After a while , all the ingredients will come | |
| 05:13 | together as a vessel that is strong but still stretchy | |
| 05:16 | . They can roll up the material just like a | |
| 05:18 | vessel and implanted in the patient . Another field of | |
| 05:21 | research seeks to engineer heart muscle tissue to either repair | |
| 05:26 | or patch up the damage part of the heart , | |
| 05:28 | similar to engineering blood vessels . The key to this | |
| 05:31 | is finding the right kind of scaffold and the right | |
| 05:33 | kind of cells . There's a lot that still needs | |
| 05:35 | to be done in this field , but hopefully I've | |
| 05:37 | given you enough background information to start learning about heart | |
| 05:40 | engineering . Who knows ? You could be the creator | |
| 05:42 | of the next best engineered heart tissue . I'm on | |
| 05:46 | it . |
Summarizer
DESCRIPTION:
OVERVIEW:
The Heart of the Matter: An Introduction to Engineering Heart Tissue is a free educational video by MITK12Videos.
This page not only allows students and teachers view The Heart of the Matter: An Introduction to Engineering Heart Tissue videos but also find engaging Sample Questions, Apps, Pins, Worksheets, Books related to the following topics.
GRADES:
STANDARDS:
