Food Chains Compilation: Crash Course Kids - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12

Food Chains Compilation: Crash Course Kids - By Crash Course Kids

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00:0-1	Are you a living thing If you are , we
00:01	should totally talk because we have a lot in common
00:04	. In fact you and I both have a lot
00:06	in common with all living things . Your teacher trees
00:09	, your pet parakeet , bumble bees , everything .
00:12	And one of the most important things is we all
00:15	eat . Everyone needs food , which is why one
00:17	of the best ways to learn about life on earth
00:20	is to follow the food , see where it comes
00:23	from and where it goes while living things are eating
00:26	and being eaten . So here are the basics about
00:28	the flow of food and the energy it contains ,
00:31	making life possible . Let's start with a simple question
00:34	. Why do we have to eat in the first
00:36	place ? We all eat ? Right , But have
00:41	you ever wondered why we eat ? I mean some
00:45	animals only eat plants , others just eat other animals
00:50	. And some creatures eat both plants and meat .
00:53	But the thing is all animals , including humans eat
00:57	and we don't just eat because we're hungry or bored
01:01	or tired or it tastes good . Although I could
01:04	really go for a slice of pizza right now .
01:06	We eat because we need food to live more .
01:09	Exactly . We need the energy that food gives our
01:11	bodies to grow , move and stay warm . You've
01:14	probably figured this out already from the things you've heard
01:16	about how and when we eat , like you've probably
01:19	heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the
01:21	day or you might know that runners will carb load
01:24	before a big race , but food is necessary for
01:27	all living things all the time . You may have
01:30	noticed that your collection of cool rocks that you have
01:32	under your bed never needs a lunch of club sandwiches
01:35	and baby carrots . That's because they're non living things
01:38	, but food is most definitely a necessity for animals
01:41	and plants to even though we don't think of plants
01:44	as eating because they don't have mouths , they still
01:47	need food to grow and repair themselves just like we
01:50	do . In fact , plants make a nifty model
01:53	that can help us understand how the energy from food
01:55	affects living things . To see how food affects plants
01:58	. We can test what happens when they get more
02:00	or less food . Plants get most of their food
02:02	from the sun , water and carbon dioxide in the
02:05	air more on that another time . But to test
02:07	how food affects plants for yourself , you can use
02:10	liquid plant food that way you can control how much
02:12	food or nutrient supplant gets . So consider this little
02:15	investigation . So you have two little plastic cups filled
02:20	with potting soil and you planted a lima bean seed
02:22	in each one . Then you give each plant a
02:25	different amount of food . Plant number one would be
02:27	your control . That means you don't give it any
02:29	additional food at all . Just a little water and
02:31	sunlight and it'll do what plants do all on its
02:34	own . Then you can make plant to your extra
02:37	food plant , Ask your parents for some liquid plant
02:39	fertilizer and add the recommended amount to plant two .
02:42	Now , if you kept watering and feeding your plants
02:44	the same amount for say four weeks , what do
02:47	you think would happen ? Would you expect both of
02:50	the plants to grow the same amount or would one
02:52	grow more than the other ? If so . Which
02:55	ones ? Well what you find is that plant to
02:59	grow bigger than plant one ? Because living things need
03:02	food to give them energy so they can repair themselves
03:05	and stay healthy . And in this case grow so
03:08	with more food plant to got more energy and that
03:11	allowed it to grow bigger now , go eat your
03:13	vegetables . Okay , so food is energy Plants can
03:16	make their own food while many animals swipe the energy
03:19	from plants by eating them . But what happens to
03:22	that energy once it gets eaten up ? Well ,
03:24	you might say that it gets all tangled up in
03:27	a food chain and you are part of it .
03:32	Not everybody likes the same kind of food , right
03:35	? That's probably a good thing . I mean ,
03:37	all the more pizza for me . But whether we
03:39	eat milkshakes or mangos , pizzas or pairs , tacos
03:42	or toast , we use the energy that's in our
03:45	food to stay alive . But how did that energy
03:47	get into our food in the first place ? The
03:50	answer is that energy flows between living things . It's
03:54	almost like each form of food is a link in
03:57	a chain . A food chain . You might have
04:00	heard that humans are on the top of the food
04:02	chain because we eat pretty much every thing and except
04:06	for the occasional video game monster and maybe the odd
04:09	bear , nothing tries to eat us . But what
04:12	is a food chain ? Exactly . A food chain
04:19	is a model that shows how energy flows between living
04:22	things . You can think of animals and plants in
04:25	the same food chain as all living in the same
04:27	neighborhood , which scientists call a habitat . And they
04:31	all have a job to do interacting with each other
04:33	day in and day out together . They form a
04:36	kind of system , a self contained collection of different
04:39	things that all work together as a whole . And
04:42	they also interact with the non living stuff around them
04:45	, like the water , the air , the ground
04:47	and the sun put it all together . And what
04:49	do you get a special system called an ecosystem and
04:53	food chain ? Show us what eats what in an
04:56	ecosystem . Now everything that's alive is in a food
04:59	chain including you my friends and actually most living things
05:03	are in more than one food chain depending on what
05:07	or who they're munching on at the moment . I
05:09	mean you don't eat the same thing for dinner every
05:11	night , do you ? Didn't think so ? Now
05:14	let's see how a food chain works by making a
05:16	diagram of how these interactions happen in nature . First
05:24	all of the energy that's in a food chain starts
05:27	with the sun . I can't stress that enough .
05:29	People plants take the energy from the sun's rays and
05:32	change it into chemical energy . So when a nice
05:35	patch of lush green grass starts to grow , it's
05:38	capturing some of the energy from the sun to do
05:40	it . Then when an animal like a rabbit wanders
05:43	by and nibbles on that grass , the energy from
05:46	the plant is transferred into the rabbit's body . Now
05:49	, if a hungry hawk decides that the rabbit would
05:51	make a yummy supper , then the energy from the
05:53	rabbit is transferred to the hawk . And in this
05:56	ecosystem nothing is large or brave enough to take on
05:59	the hawk . I mean just look at her .
06:02	So we've hit the top of the food chain and
06:04	we've just made a nifty model of it . Mm
06:07	hmm . Yeah . Yeah . So a food chain
06:12	is a model that shows how energy flows between living
06:15	things in an ecosystem . Energy in the food chain
06:18	starts with the sun which has turned into chemical energy
06:21	by plants . And this energy moves up the food
06:24	chain as animals eat the plants and then other animals
06:27	eat those animals . And speaking of energy , I'm
06:31	starving . So I'm off to take my place in
06:33	the food chain . See you next time . So
06:36	a food chain is really a model of how energy
06:38	flows among living things in an ecosystem . But in
06:41	the real world , things are a little more complicated
06:44	than just rabbit eats grass and hockey . It's rabbit
06:47	. So let's see how the flow of food and
06:50	therefore energy works within a habitat where many different plants
06:54	and animals live . Picture of polar bear in the
07:00	desert . Know what you're imagining is way too cute
07:03	. Take off the sunglasses and the swim trunks there
07:06	. He's hot , he's hungry . He's downright miserable
07:08	. Why is he such a grumpy bear ? Well
07:11	, it's because he's not where he belongs . There
07:13	aren't any tasty seals to eat , no cold water
07:15	to enjoy and no snow to sleep in the desert
07:18	isn't his habitat . You know that a habitat is
07:21	the area where something lives , but from polar bears
07:23	to porcupines , animals don't just need a place to
07:26	live . They also rely on the other living and
07:28	non living things around them to survive . And life
07:31	looks different in different places around the world . So
07:34	what makes a habitat a home ? Well , what
07:40	do you need ? I need sandwiches , pancakes ,
07:43	carrots , maybe some nice peaches . So I need
07:46	food and I need water . I need a place
07:49	to live and I need a place to film crash
07:51	course videos . You could say this is my habitats
07:54	. Animals need these things to food , water ,
07:57	shelter and space to live for animals , their food
08:00	comes from their neighbors . The other living things in
08:02	their habitat . You know that plants and animals all
08:06	fall somewhere along the food chain , which is a
08:08	model we use to describe the flow of energy between
08:10	living things . But the real world is made up
08:12	of lots and lots of food chains . And those
08:15	chains can get kind of messy . I mean ,
08:17	look at our polar bear . Sure . His favorite
08:19	food is sealed , but in a pinch he'll eat
08:21	walrus , dead whales , birds , eggs . And
08:24	if he has absolutely no other choice plants , the
08:27	polar bear is at the top of multiple food chains
08:30	and that's not unusual . Most animals don't just eat
08:33	one thing and neither do I . I'm at the
08:35	top of the pancake food chain and the carrot food
08:38	chain . It just so happens . I prefer pancakes
08:41	. So you can see how food chains are actually
08:43	all tangled around with each other with many different ones
08:46	overlapping . Kind of like a web . So we
08:48	call this a food web . Food webs are big
08:51	tangled systems that include every plant and animal in a
08:53	habitat . And as you might guess , all food
08:56	webs are different . Let's compare two different habitats to
08:59	see how the food webs play out . Mm hmm
09:05	. First we'll go back to our old stomping ground
09:07	. The forests . Let's begin with , you know
09:10	, these people , the plants , trees , grass
09:12	and other plants that change energy from the sun into
09:15	sugar . But then you have some animals that eat
09:17	other animals . This is where things get a little
09:19	more complicated . Today , an owl makes a mouse's
09:21	lunch . But tomorrow it may be a rabbit .
09:23	Today . A snake snacks on a squirrel . But
09:25	a few days later our our friend might make a
09:27	meal of another meat eater like the snake . Finally
09:30	, the D . Composers , insects , fungi and
09:32	bacteria are breaking down whatever is left over from uneaten
09:36	rotten fruit to left over animal carcasses as they break
09:39	down matter , they provide more nutrients for the plants
09:41	. It's a bit of a different story up in
09:43	the arctic . I mean , look at all that
09:44	ice , I know what you're thinking . Where are
09:46	the plants ? How do we have a food web
09:48	without plants ? Zoom in on the seawater ? Zoom
09:52	way in further . Further stop . Can you see
09:55	those tiny plants they're called phytoplankton ? And just like
09:58	plants on land , They convert energy from the sun
10:01	. Really , small creatures called zooplankton eat the phytoplankton
10:05	in all kinds of small fish dying on the zooplankton
10:07	, larger fish eat the smaller fish . There are
10:09	big marine mammals to beluga , whales eat fish while
10:12	humpback whales eat the tiny plankton and krill . And
10:14	what else eats fish , seals . That's our polar
10:17	bear's favorite food . But up here , you can't
10:19	afford to be picky . So we may have to
10:21	nibble on some whale carcass if necessary . As for
10:23	D . Composers , there aren't many bugs or earthworms
10:26	in this cold climate , there are bacteria , but
10:29	since it's so cold , the D composers breakdown matter
10:31	much more slowly than in the forest . Yeah .
10:38	So you can see food webs and the ecosystems that
10:40	support them look different in different parts of the world
10:43	. Depending on the habitat conditions , flat or mountainous
10:46	land , more or less water . These seemingly small
10:50	changes in habitats affect what kind of plants and animals
10:53	live there up in the arctic polar bear has the
10:55	right conditions to keep him happy . First , he
10:58	fits into his food web perfectly . The food that's
11:00	available to him has enough fat and protein to keep
11:03	his energy up . Second , he fits into his
11:05	habitat perfectly . He has the body adaptations to not
11:08	just survive but feel really comfortable in the super cold
11:11	. A polar bear isn't built to survive in the
11:13	desert or the forest . So let's put our poor
11:15	polar bear back where he belongs . I was starting
11:17	to feel bad for the guy . Now we're getting
11:19	somewhere . An owl might eat a rabbit one day
11:22	in a mouse the next just like I might have
11:24	pasta for dinner one night and the next night have
11:27	a nice caesar salad . So the flow of energy
11:29	among living things doesn't just go in a straight line
11:32	. Every living thing in a food chain might eat
11:35	or be eaten by someone else in another chain .
11:38	So when you look across a whole ecosystem , the
11:41	flow of energy is not so much a chain as
11:43	it is a web . The last time we put
11:49	a polar bear in the desert and I still feel
11:50	bad about that . The good news is that in
11:52	real life a polar bear probably won't just wander into
11:55	the Sahara , but not everything stays in the same
11:57	habitat all the time . A new species might come
12:00	into a habitat species might die off . Even the
12:02	habitats themselves can change as a result of things like
12:05	floods and droughts . Point is habitats . And the
12:08	food webs they support can get out of whack and
12:10	sometimes it's not pretty . Let's look at what happens
12:13	when an ecosystem gets out of balance . Yeah .
12:18	Thank you . Last week we learned that a habitat
12:21	is home to a tangle of food chains called food
12:23	webs . The animals depend on each other for food
12:26	but they don't just need each other . They rely
12:28	on the non living things in the habitat . To
12:31	this interaction of living and non living things in a
12:33	habitat is called an ecosystem . The things in an
12:36	ecosystem are all connected just like when you touch one
12:38	part of a spider web and the whole thing vibrates
12:40	. When one link in the food web is threatened
12:42	, it can shake up the whole ecosystem , let's
12:44	see what might happen . For example , if an
12:46	ecosystem loses a species . Mhm mm . Since we're
12:53	talking about food webs , I think we should look
12:54	at spider monkeys , they're called spider monkeys because they
12:57	hang upside down from their tails with their arms and
12:59	legs dangling . This is somehow completely adorable . These
13:02	primates live in a tropical rainforest habitat , which is
13:04	just bursting with some of the coolest creatures out there
13:07	. Two cans , jaguars sloths as we learned last
13:10	time these animals need each other to survive and spider
13:13	monkeys happened to play a particularly important role in the
13:15	rainforest food web . They eat mostly fruit , which
13:18	contains seeds . And we know that seeds are how
13:20	plants make more plants . When a spider monkey snacks
13:23	on a berry , he gets to enjoy the tasty
13:25	fruit while also doing the plant a solid favor .
13:27	When the monkey moves on to another part of the
13:29	forest and passes the fruit , he leaves the seeds
13:33	behind , wait a while and then what you have
13:36	a new plants ? Imagine thousands of monkeys eating thousands
13:38	of fruits every day . More monkeys equals more plants
13:42	and trees . Those trees support lots of other animals
13:45	, insects and sloths eat those plants to and more
13:47	spider monkeys , insects and sloths mean more food for
13:50	carnivores , leopards dying on the sloths and spider monkeys
13:54	while frogs eat the insects and of course our d
13:56	composers like fungi and bacteria break down leftover plant and
13:59	animal matter . So we're talking around 50,000 plant and
14:02	animal species that rely on these plants . Now imagine
14:05	the spider monkey population starts to decline . Maybe they're
14:08	hit with a strange new disease or maybe humans over
14:11	hunt them . If the monkeys underground to eat the
14:12	fruit than the seeds aren't scattered around in the forest
14:15	stops growing , leaving fewer fruits for fewer monkeys .
14:18	Not only that fewer plants means less food for other
14:20	animals , like insects and our sloth friends . That
14:23	means the insect and sloth numbers start to decline and
14:26	that means less food for the animals that eat them
14:28	all of a sudden . None of the animals in
14:30	our ecosystem have enough to eat all because of the
14:33	loss of one species . Do you see how this
14:35	could get really bad , remove one piece of the
14:37	food web and you might knock down the whole thing
14:40	. That's bad news for us to the good news
14:42	is that ecosystems want to be in balance after a
14:45	natural disaster , like a forest fire or a flood
14:47	. Things might be wacky for a while , but
14:50	habitats can usually get back to normal . But if
14:52	things get really bad , the habitat might change forever
14:56	. The old species will leave searching for a better
14:58	place to live . New species will come in ,
15:00	life will keep going , but it won't look the
15:03	same in every ecosystem . The plants and animals are
15:10	connected . You can't mess with one species without affecting
15:13	all the others . Food webs are delicate like spider
15:15	webs . We don't want to be all crazy pants
15:17	and just go knocking them down . Now you have
15:19	the whole picture . All living things need food for
15:22	energy . If they can't make it like plants ,
15:25	do they have to get it by eating other living
15:27	things . On a small scale , you can think
15:29	of this flow of energy as a food chain ,
15:32	but on the broader scale , it's more like a
15:34	food web no matter how you look at it .
15:37	Food is energy and energy is life . If you
15:41	enjoyed this , check out the rest of our channel
15:43	and subscribe

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