Grade 9 Chemistry Lesson 1 - Matter and the Particle Theory - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12

Grade 9 Chemistry Lesson 1 - Matter and the Particle Theory - By Lumos Learning

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00:00	Hi there . Welcome to Mr Lee Han teaches you
00:03	stuff . This is grade nine chemistry lesson one matter
00:06	and the particle theory . So first thing we want
00:09	to look at is what is matter and matter is
00:12	anything that contains both mass and the volume . So
00:16	we might as well define those as , well masses
00:19	. How much matter is in an object we measure
00:22	mass in grams kilograms milligrams , stuff like that .
00:27	Um , it's very important that we don't get mass
00:29	confused with weight . Um , so you may weigh
00:34	£100 and when you go into space , let's say
00:38	you don't weigh £100 . You're floating around weightless ,
00:41	but you're not floating around massless . You still are
00:44	made up of the same amount of matter . Similarly
00:48	, if you step on a scale on the moon
00:53	, uh , it'll say that you weigh less right
00:55	because you're not pushing down as hard on that scale
00:57	because gravity is not as hard are not as strong
01:00	, but you will not have less mass . You'll
01:03	have the same amount of mass . Volume is how
01:06	much space something takes up . We measure volume and
01:10	leaders and middle leaders etcetera . So the three states
01:14	of matter are solid , like this rock liquid like
01:19	a glass of water and gas , like the gas
01:22	inside this balloon , or possibly the gas in the
01:25	air that that balloon is floating through . There are
01:30	several changes in state , so melting is when something
01:32	goes from a solid to a liquid , so there's
01:35	an example of some ice cubes . Melting freezing is
01:40	when a liquid turns into a solid , like this
01:43	water that I left in the freezer , and it's
01:48	important to note that the melting point is the same
01:50	as the freezing point . So for water , for
01:52	example , that's zero degrees Celsius , so the same
01:58	temperature at which something melts is the same one ,
02:00	which will start to freeze . Mhm . Evaporation is
02:05	when something goes from a liquid to a gas .
02:08	So when you've got water boiling on the stove ,
02:10	some of that water will evaporate condensation . That's when
02:14	something goes from a gas to a liquid . If
02:16	you ever get cold pop , for example , out
02:20	of the fridge , you might notice that this condensation
02:24	around it , uh , now for two that you
02:28	may not have heard of sublimation and deposition sublimation is
02:31	when something goes from a solid to a gas ,
02:35	so an example of that would be dry ice ,
02:38	which is basically solid carbon dioxide . It changes directly
02:42	into a gas deposition . Gas to a solid .
02:46	This is more common . Then you might think that's
02:50	what Frost is . So if you ever see frost
02:52	on a pine branch like this , or frost on
02:56	a window , that is solid water that has just
03:02	come out of the air , it went directly from
03:04	gaseous water to solid water . Now how does this
03:09	all relate to ? The part of the particle theory
03:11	was created to describe the structure and behavior of matter
03:15	. And there's five main points to the particle theory
03:18	, So we'll take a look at those . First
03:22	point is that all matter is made up of tiny
03:24	particles , and all of those particles have spaces in
03:29	between them . So there's a little bit of room
03:32	between each one of those particles . Point number three
03:35	. All particles of one pure substance are the same
03:38	. Different substances are made of different particles . So
03:42	if we've got to substances here , they're both pure
03:45	substances . They're all made of the same type of
03:47	particle . Um , but since there are different types
03:50	of substances . They have different types of particles making
03:53	them up . One in this case is green ,
03:55	and one is blue . Uh , number four .
03:58	The particles are always moving . The more energy the
04:00	particles have , the faster they move . So even
04:04	for a solid object . So the computer you're watching
04:06	on this on your hand , your desk , all
04:11	the particles that make up that desk or hand or
04:14	computer are moving a little bit to the extent or
04:19	the extent to which they move around determines whether a
04:22	solid liquid or gas . But they're all moving a
04:25	little bit . And there are attractive forces between the
04:29	particles . These forces are stronger when the particles are
04:33	closer together . So the three particles here they're fairly
04:36	close together there , very attracted to each other ,
04:39	whereas this one off by itself at the bottom is
04:42	not as attracted to the other ones . So how
04:46	does the particle theory relate to the states of matter
04:50	? As energy is added to particles , they move
04:53	around more . This causes the bonds between the particles
04:56	to weaken . So here we have some very low
04:59	energy particles . This is a solid . Now ,
05:04	if this solid is an absolute zero . Um ,
05:07	then it's not gonna be moving around at all .
05:10	But as we add a little bit of energy to
05:11	it , a little bit of heat , um ,
05:14	those particles will start to jiggle around more , so
05:16	it's still a solid No . One . None of
05:18	the particles have are moving past each other , but
05:20	they kind of shake in place . Now , when
05:24	you add even more energy , the particles get so
05:27	much energy that they move past each other . So
05:30	if they can slide past each other and move around
05:33	, that substance is now a liquid . Then ,
05:37	as you add even more energy , uh , the
05:40	particles are no longer bonded to each other , so
05:43	they're flying around randomly . The substance is now a
05:46	gas . These are very high energy particles . You
05:49	can tell by the looks on their faces . Now
05:53	, evaporation is when something turns from a liquid to
05:57	a gas , and that happens at 100 degrees Celsius
06:01	. But you may think , Well , why is
06:03	it that puddles disappear ? Puddles evaporate , but it's
06:06	not 100 degrees out . And the reason why is
06:09	because when those particles are just randomly moving around in
06:12	a puddle , um , some of them will be
06:15	close to the air , and some of them have
06:18	randomly just enough energy to pop up into the air
06:22	and start floating around and be a gas . Um
06:26	, so although the temperature of a puddle is determined
06:29	by the average temperature of all the particles , um
06:33	, some particles have more energy than others . And
06:35	if those particles are found at the top of the
06:37	puddle right next to the air , they may have
06:40	enough energy to sort of just sort of bounce off
06:42	the puddle and disappear into the air . So that's
06:45	why puddles evaporate , if you were wondering , right
06:48	, so that's it for this video tune into the
06:50	next video , which will be mixtures and pure substances
00:0-1	.

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