The Judgment of Eve

- By May Sinclair
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English writer and suffragist (1863–1946) For other people with similar names, see Mary Sinclair (disambiguation). May SinclairMay Sinclair c. 1912BornMary Amelia St. Clair(1863-08-24)24 August 1863Rock Ferry, Cheshire, EnglandDied14 November 1946(1946-11-14) (aged 83)Bierton, Buckinghamshire, EnglandOccupationNovelist and poetNationalityBritish May Sinclair was the pseudonym of Mary Amelia St. Clair (24 August 1863 – 14 November 1946), a popular British writer who wrote about two dozen novels, short stories and poetry.[1] She was an active suffragist, and member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League. She once dressed up as a demure, rebel Jane Austen for a suffrage fundraising event.[2] Sinclair was also a significant critic in the area of modernist poetry and prose, and she is attributed with first using the term 'stream of consciousness' in a literary context, when reviewing the first volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence Pilgrimage (1915–1967), in The Egoist, April 1918. Early life[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Sinclair was born in Rock Ferry, Cheshire. Her mother, Amelia Sinclair, was strict and religious; her father, William Sinclair, was a Liverpool shipowner, who went bankrupt, became an alcoholic, and died when Sinclair was still a child. The family moved to Ilford on the edge of London. After one year of education at Cheltenham Ladies College, Sinclair was obliged to look after her brothers, as four of the five, all older than she, were suffering from fatal congenital heart disease. Career[edit] From 1896 Sinclair wrote professionally to support herself and her mother, who died in 1901. An active feminist, Sinclair treated a number of themes relating to the position of women and marriage.[3] Her works sold well in the United States. Ma(r)y Sinclair entering Kensington's Women's Social & Political Union shop in 1910 Sinclair's suffrage activities were remembered by Sylvia Pankhurst. Photographs (as "Mary Sinclair" show her around the WSPU offices in Kensington. In 1912 the Women Writers' Suffrage League published her ideas on feminism. Here she de-bunked theories put forward by Sir Almroth Wright that the suffragists were powered by their sexual frustration because of the shortage of men. She said that suffrage and the class struggle were similar aspirations and the working woman should not be in competition with the ambitions of the male working class.[4] Around 1913, she was a founding supporter of the Medico-Psychological Clinic in London which was run by Dr Jessie Murray.[4] Sinclair became interested in psychoanalytic thought, and introduced matter related to Sigmund Freud's teaching in her novels.[3] In 1914, she volunteered to join the Munro Ambulance Corps, a charitable organization (which included Lady Dorothie Feilding, Elsie Knocker and Mairi Chisholm) that aided wounded Belgian soldiers on the Western Front in Flanders. She was sent home after only a few weeks at the front; she wrote about the experience in both prose and poetry. Her 1913 novel The Combined Maze, the story of a London clerk and the two women he loves, was highly praised by critics, including George Orwell, while Agatha Christie considered it one of the greatest English novels of its time. She wrote early criticism on Imagism and the poet H. D. (1915 in The Egoist); she was on social terms with H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Richard Aldington and Ezra Pound at the time. She also reviewed in a positive light the poetry of T. S. Eliot (1917 in the Little Review) and the fiction of Dorothy Richardson (1918 in The Egoist). Some aspects of Sinclair's subsequent novels have been traced as influenced by modernist techniques, particularly in the autobiographical Mary Olivier: A Life (1919). She was included in the 1925 Contact Collection of Contemporary Writers. Sinclair wrote two volumes of supernatural fiction, Uncanny Stories (1923) and The Intercessor and Other Stories (1931).[3] E. F. Bleiler called Sinclair "an underrated writer" and described Uncanny Stories as "excellent".[5] Gary Crawford has stated Sinclair's contribution to the supernatural fiction genre, "small as it is, is notable".[3] Jacques Barzun included Sinclair among a list of supernatural fiction writers that "one should make a point of seeking out".[6] Brian Stableford has stated that Sinclair's "supernatural tales are written with uncommon delicacy and precision, and they are among the most effective examples of their fugitive kind".[7] Andrew Smith has described Uncanny Stories as "an important contribution to the ghost story".[8] From the late 1920s, she was suffering from the early signs of Parkinson's disease, and ceased writing. She settled with a companion in Buckinghamshire in 1932. She is buried at St John-at-Hampstead's churchyard, London.[9] Philosophy[edit] Sinclair also wrote non-fiction based on studies of philosophy, particularly idealism. She defended a form of idealistic monism in her book A Defence of Idealism (1917).[10] Sinclair was interested in parapsychology and spiritualism, she was a member of the Society for Psychical Research from 1914.[3][11] Works[edit] Portrait of May Sinclair, by E. Huggins Nakiketas and other poems (1886) as Julian Sinclair Essays in Verse (1892) Audrey Craven (1897) Mr and Mrs Nevill Tyson (1898) also The Tysons Two Sides Of A Question (1901) The Divine Fire (1904) The Helpmate (1907) The Judgment of Eve (1907) stories The Immortal Moment (1908) Kitty Tailleur (1908) Outlines of Church History by Rudolph Sohm (1909) translator The Creators (1910) Miss Tarrant's Temperament (1911) in Harper's Magazine The Flaw in the Crystal (1912) The Three Brontes (1912) Feminism (1912) pamphlet for Women's Suffrage League The Combined Maze (1913) The Three Sisters (1914) The Return of the Prodigal (1914) A Journal of Impressions in Belgium (1915) The Belfry (1916) Tasker Jevons: The Real Story (1916) The Tree of Heaven (1917) A Defence of Idealism: Some Questions & Conclusions (1917) Mary Olivier: A Life (1919) The Romantic (1920) Mr. Waddington of Wyck (1921) Life and Death of Harriett Frean (1922) Anne Severn and the Fieldings (1922) The New Idealism (1922) Uncanny Stories (1923) A Cure of Souls (1924) The Dark Night: A Novel in Unrhymed Verse (1924) Arnold Waterlow (1924) The Rector of Wyck (1925) Far End (1926) The Allinghams (1927) History of Anthony Waring (1927) Fame (1929) Tales Told by Simpson (1930) stories The Intercessor, and Other Stories (1931) Villa Désirée (1932) References[edit] ^ Bookrags biography ^ Looser, Devoney (2017). The Making of Jane Austen. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-1421422824. ^ a b c d e Gary Crawford, "May Sinclair" in Jack Sullivan (ed) (1986) The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural, Viking Press, 1986, ISBN 0-670-80902-0 (pp. 387-8). ^ a b D. Wallace (21 June 2000). Sisters and Rivals in British Women's Fiction, 1914-39. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-0-230-59880-5. ^ E. F. Bleiler, The Guide to Supernatural Fiction, Kent State University Press, 1983 ^ Jacques Barzun, "Introduction" to The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural, (p. xxviii). ^ Brian Stableford, "Sinclair, May" in David Pringle, ed., St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost and Gothic Writers. (Detroit: St. James Press, 1998) ISBN 1558622063 (pp. 538-539) ^ Andrew Smith, Gothic Literature. Edinburgh; Edinburgh University Press, 2007 ISBN 0748623701 (p. 130) ^ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 43586-43587). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. ^ Anonymous. (1918). A Defence of Idealism: Some Questions and Conclusions. Nature 100: 342-343. ^ Boll, Theophilus Ernest Martin. (1973). Miss May Sinclair: Novelist: A Biographical and Critical Introduction. Associated University Presses, Inc. p. 105. ISBN 0-8386-1156-7 Sources[edit] Theophilus Ernest Martin Boll (1973) Miss May Sinclair: Novelist; A Biographical and Critical Introduction Suzanne Raitt (2000) May Sinclair: A Modern Victorian George M. Johnson (2006) "May Sinclair: The Evolution of a Psychological Novelist" in Dynamic Psychology in Modern British Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. pp. 101–143. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to May Sinclair. May Sinclair Society An essay on May Sinclair, Dorothy Richardson, and 'Stream of Consciousness' A 2001 essay by Leigh Wilson (University of Westminster), from The Literary Encyclopedia May Sinclair at Library of Congress, with 65 library catalogue records May Sinclair at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Works by May Sinclair at Project Gutenberg Works by May Sinclair at Faded Page (Canada) Works by or about May Sinclair at Internet Archive Works by May Sinclair at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) The Cellar-House of Pervyse (1917) at Internet Archive We Brought Succour to Belgium (1914) at 'A Nurse at the War' May Sinclair and the First World War (Part 1) (1999) at National Humanities Center May Sinclair and the First World War (Part 2) (1999) at National Humanities Center May Sinclair papers Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF National Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Israel United States Japan Czech Republic Netherlands Poland Portugal Vatican Academics CiNii People Deutsche Biographie Other SNAC IdRef
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It was market-day in Queningford. Aggie Purcell was wondering whether Mr. Hurst would look in that afternoon at the Laurels as he had looked in on other market-days. Supposing he did, and supposing Mr. Gatty were to look in, too, why then, Aggie said, it would be rather awkward. But whether awkward for herself, or for Mr. Gatty, or Mr. Hurst, or for all three of them together, Aggie was unable to explain to her own satisfaction or her mother's.
In Queningford there were not many suitors for a young lady to choose from, but it was understood that, such as there were, Aggie Purcell would have her pick of them. The other young ladies were happy enough if they could get her leavings. Miss Purcell of the Laurels was by common consent the prettiest, the best-dressed, and the best-mannered of them all. To be sure, she could only be judged by Queningford standards; and, as the railway nearest to Queningford is a terminus that leaves the small gray town stranded on the borders of the unknown, Queningford standards are not progressive. Neither are they imitative; for imitation implies a certain nearness, and between the young ladies of Queningford and the daughters of the county there is an immeasurable void.
The absence of any effective rivalry made courtship a rather tame and uninteresting affair to Miss Purcell. She had only to make up her mind whether she would take the wine-merchant's son, or the lawyer's nephew, or the doctor's assistant, or, perhaps, it would be one of those mysterious enthusiasts who sometimes came into the neighborhood to study agriculture. Anyhow, it was a foregone conclusion that each of these doomed young men must pass through Miss Purcell's door before he knocked at any other.
Pretty Aggie was rather a long time in making up her mind. It could only be done by a slow process of elimination, till the embarrassing train of her adorers was finally reduced to two. At the age of five-and-twenty (five-and-twenty is not young in Queningford), she had only to solve the comparatively simple problem: whether it would be Mr. John Hurst or Mr. Arthur Gatty. Mr. John Hurst was a young farmer just home from Australia, who had bought High Farm, one of the biggest sheep-farming lands in the Cotswolds. Mr. Arthur Gatty was a young clerk in a solicitor's office in London; he was down at Queningford on his Easter holiday, staying with cousins at the County Bank. Both had the merit of being young men whom Miss Purcell had never seen before. She was so tired of all the young men whom she had seen.
Not that pretty Aggie was a flirt and a jilt and a heartless breaker of hearts. She wouldn't have broken anybody's heart for the whole world; it would have hurt her own too much. She had never jilted anybody, because she had never permitted herself to become engaged to any of those young men. As for flirting, pretty Aggie couldn't have flirted if she had tried. The manners of Queningford are not cultivated to that delicate pitch when flirtation becomes a decorative art, and Aggie would have esteemed it vulgar. But Aggie was very superior and fastidious. She wanted things that no young man in Queningford would ever be able to offer her. Aggie had longings for music, better than Queningford's best, for beautiful pictures, and for poetry. She had come across these things at school. And now, at five-and-twenty, she couldn't procure one of them for herself. The arts were not encouraged by her family, and she only had an "allowance" on condition that she would spend it honorably in clothes. Of course, at five-and-twenty, she knew all the "pieces" and songs that her friends knew, and they knew all hers. She had read all the romantic fiction in the lending library, and all the works of light popular science, and still lighter and more popular theology, besides borrowing all the readable books from the vicarage. She had exhausted Queningford. It had no more to give her.
Queningford would have considered that a young lady who could do all that had done enough to prove her possession of brains. Not that Queningford had ever wanted her to prove it; its young men, at any rate, very much preferred that she should leave her brains and theirs alone. And Aggie had brains enough to be aware of this; and being a very well-behaved young lady, and anxious to please, she had never mentioned any of her small achievements. Nature, safeguarding her own interests, had whispered to Aggie that young ladies who live in Queningford are better without intellects that show.
Now, John Hurst was sadly akin to the young men of Queningford, in that he was unable to offer her any of the things which, Aggie felt, belonged to the finer part of her that she dared not show. On the other hand, he could give her (beside himself), a good income, a good house, a horse to ride, and a trap to drive in. To marry him, as her mother pointed out to her, would be almost as good as "getting in with the county." Not that Mrs. Purcell offered this as an inducement. She merely threw it out as a vague contribution to the subject. Aggie didn't care a rap about the county, as her mother might have known; but, though she wouldn't have owned it, she had been attracted by John's personal appearance. Glancing out of the parlor window, she could see what a gentleman he looked as he crossed the market-place in his tweed suit, cloth cap, and leather gaiters. He always had the right clothes. When high collars were the fashion, he wore them very high. His rivals said that this superstitious reverence for fashion suggested a revulsion from a past of prehistoric savagery.
Mr. Gatty, on the other hand, had a soul that was higher than any collar. That, Aggie maintained, was why he always wore the wrong sort. There was no wrong thing Mr. Gatty could have worn that Aggie would not have found an excuse for; so assiduously did he minister to the finer part of her. He shared all her tastes. If she admired a picture or a piece of music or a book, Mr. Gatty had admired it ever since he was old enough to admire anything. She was sure that he admired her more for admiring them. She wasn't obliged to hide those things from Mr. Gatty; besides, what would have been the use? There was nothing in the soul of Aggie that Mr. Gatty had not found out and understood, and she felt that there would be no limit to his understanding.
But what she liked best about him was his gentleness. She had never seen any young man so gentle as Mr. Gatty. And his face was every bit as nice as John's. Nicer, for it was excessively refined, and John's wasn't. You could see that his head was full of beautiful thoughts, whereas John's head was full of nothing in particular. Then, Mr. Gatty's eyes were large and spiritual; yes, spiritual was the word for them. John's eyes were small, and, well, spiritual would never be the word for them.
Unfortunately, John had been on the field first, before the unique appearance of Mr. Gatty, and Aggie felt that she was bound in honor to consider him. She had been considering him for some time without any compulsion. But when things began to look so serious that it really became a question which of these two she would take, she called in her mother to help her to decide.
Mrs. Purcell was a comfortable, fat lady, who loved the state of peace she had been born in, had married into, and had never lost. Aggie was her eldest daughter, and she was a little vexed to think that she might have married five years ago if she hadn't been so particular. Meanwhile, what with her prettiness and her superiority, she was spoiling her younger sisters' chances. None of her rejected suitors had ever turned to Kate or Susie or Eliza. They were well enough, poor girls, but as long as Aggie was there they couldn't help looking plain. But as for deciding between John Hurst and Mr. Gatty, Mrs. Purcell couldn't do it. And when Aggie said, in her solemn way, "Mother, I think it's coming; and I don't know how to choose between them," her mother had nothing to say but:
"You must use your own judgment, my dear." "My own judgment? I wonder if I really have any? You see, I feel as if I liked them both about the same." "Then just say to yourself that if you marry John Hurst you'll have a big house in the country, and if you marry Mr. Gatty you'll have a little one in town, and choose between the houses. That'll be easy enough."
Secretly, Mrs. Purcell was all for John Hurst, though he couldn't be considered as exactly Aggie's equal in station. (They were always saying how like a gentleman he looked, which showed that that was the last thing they had expected of him. But in Queningford one does as best one can.) For all John's merits, she was not going to force him on Aggie in as many words. Mrs. Purcell deeply desired her daughter's happiness, and she said to herself: "If Aggie marries either of them, and it turns out unhappily, I don't want her to be able to say I over-persuaded her. If her poor father were alive, he'd have known how to advise her."
Then, all of a sudden, without anybody's advice, John was eliminated, too. It was not Aggie's doing. In fact, he may be said to have eliminated himself. It happened in this way: Mr. Hurst had been taking tea with Aggie one market-day. The others were all out, and he had the field to himself. She always remembered just how he looked when he did it. He was standing on the white mohair rag in the drawing-room, and was running his fingers through his hair for the third time. He had been telling her how he had first taken up sheep-farming in Australia, how he'd been a farm-hand before that in California, how he'd always set his mind on that one thing-sheep-farming-because he had been born and bred in the Cotswolds. Aggie's dark-blue eyes were fixed on him, serious and intent. That flattered him, and the gods, for his undoing, dowered him with a disastrous fluency.
He had a way of thrusting out his jaw when he talked, and Aggie noted the singular determination of his chin. It was so powerful as to be almost brutal. (The same could certainly not be said of Mr. Gatty's.) Then, in the light of his reminiscences, a dreadful thought came to her. "John," she said, suddenly, "did you ever kill a pig?" A seated woman talks to a standing man.
"'John,' she said, suddenly, 'did you ever kill a pig?'" He answered, absently, as was his way when directly addressed. "A pig? Yes, I've killed one or two in California." She drew back in her chair; but, as she still gazed at him, he went on, well pleased: "I can't tell you much about California. It was in Australia I learned sheep-farming." "So, of course," said Aggie, frigidly, "you killed sheep, too?"
"For our own consumption-yes." He said it a little haughtily. He wished her to understand the difference between a grazier and a butcher. "And lambs? Little lambs?" "Well, yes. I'm afraid the little lambs had to go, too, sometimes." "How could you? How could you?"
"How could I? Well, you see, I just had to. I couldn't shirk when the other fellows didn't. In time you get not to mind." "Not to mind?" "Well, I never exactly enjoyed doing it." "No. But you did it. And you didn't mind."
She saw him steeped in butcheries, in the blood of little lambs, and her tender heart revolted against him. She tried to persuade herself that it was the lambs she minded most; but it was the pig she minded. There was something so low about killing a pig. It seemed to mark him. And it was marked, stained abominably, that he went from her presence. He said to himself: "I've dished myself now with my silly jabber. Damn those lambs!"
Young Arthur Gatty, winged by some divine intuition, called at the Laurels the next afternoon. The gods were good to young Arthur, they breathed upon him the spirit of refinement and an indestructible gentleness that day. There was no jarring note in him. He rang all golden to Aggie's testing touch. When he had gone a great calm settled upon her. It was all so simple now. Nobody was left but Arthur Gatty. She had just got to make up her mind about him-which would take a little time-and then-either she was a happy married woman or, said Aggie, coyly, a still happier old maid in Queningford forever. It was surprising how little the alternative distressed her.

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Word Lists:

Jilt : suddenly reject or abandon (a lover)

Jabber : talk rapidly and excitedly but with little sense

Fluency : the quality or condition of being fluent.

Flirt : behave as though attracted to or trying to attract someone, but for amusement rather than with serious intentions

Indestructible : not able to be destroyed

Assiduously : with great care and perseverance

Revulsion : a sense of disgust and loathing

Suitor : a man who pursues a relationship with a particular woman, with a view to marriage.

Gentleness : the quality of being kind, tender, or mild-mannered

Prehistoric : relating to or denoting the period before written records

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Additional Information:

Rating: A Words in the Passage: 2282 Unique Words: 694 Sentences: 166
Noun: 640 Conjunction: 233 Adverb: 137 Interjection: 5
Adjective: 175 Pronoun: 284 Verb: 425 Preposition: 226
Letter Count: 9,560 Sentiment: Positive / Positive / Positive Tone: Conversational Difficult Words: 365
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