The Prisoner of Zenda

- By Anthony Hope
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English novelist (1863-1933) SirAnthony HopeBornAnthony Hope Hawkins(1863-02-09)9 February 1863Clapton, London, EnglandDied8 July 1933(1933-07-08) (aged 70)Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey, EnglandOccupation(s)BarristerWriterNotable workThe Prisoner of ZendaRupert of HentzauSignature Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins, better known as Anthony Hope (9 February 1863 – 8 July 1933), was a British novelist and playwright.[1] He was a prolific writer, especially of adventure novels but he is remembered predominantly for only two books: The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) and its sequel Rupert of Hentzau (1898). These works, "minor classics" of English literature, are set in the contemporaneous fictional country of Ruritania and spawned the genre known as Ruritanian romance, books set in fictional European locales similar to the novels.[2] Zenda has inspired many adaptations, most notably the 1937 Hollywood movie of the same name and the 1952 version. Early career and Zenda[edit] Anthony Hope Hawkins by Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1897 Hope was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, Marlborough College and Balliol College, Oxford.[3] In an academically distinguished career at Oxford he obtained first-class honours in Classical Moderations (Literis Graecis et Latinis) in 1882 and in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1885.[4] Hope trained as a lawyer and barrister, being called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1887. He served his pupillage under the future Liberal Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, who thought him a promising barrister and who was disappointed by his decision to turn to writing.[5] Hope had time to write, as his working day was not overfull during these early years and he lived with his widowed father, then vicar of St Bride's Church, Fleet Street. His short pieces appeared in periodicals but for his first book, he was forced to resort to a self-publishing press. A Man of Mark (1890) is notable primarily for its similarities to Zenda: it is set in an imaginary country, Aureataland, and features political upheaval and humour. More novels and short stories followed, including Father Stafford in 1891 and the mildly successful Mr Witt's Widow in 1892. He stood as the Liberal candidate for Wycombe in the election of 1892 but was not elected.[citation needed] In 1893, he wrote three novels (Sport Royal, A Change of Air and Half-a-Hero) and a series of sketches that first appeared in The Westminster Gazette and were collected in 1894 as The Dolly Dialogues, illustrated by Arthur Rackham.[6] Dolly was his first major literary success. A. E. W. Mason deemed these conversations "so truly set in the London of their day that the social historian would be unwise to neglect them," and said that they were written with "delicate wit [and] a shade of sadness."[7] The idea for Hope's tale of political intrigue, The Prisoner of Zenda, being the history of three months in the life of an English gentleman, came to him at the close of 1893 as he was walking in London. Hope finished the first draft in a month and the book was in print by April. The story is set in the fictional European kingdom of 'Ruritania', a term which has come to mean "the novelist's and dramatist's locale for court romances in a modern setting."[8] Zenda achieved instant success and its witty protagonist, the debonair Rudolf Rassendyll, became a well-known literary creation. The novel was praised by Mason, literary critic Andrew Lang, and Robert Louis Stevenson.[9] The popularity of Zenda persuaded Hope to give up the "brilliant legal career [that] seemed to lie ahead of him" to become a full-time writer but he "never again achieved such complete artistic success as in this one book."[10] Also in 1894, Hope produced The God in the Car, a political story,[6] which the late nineteenth-century English novelist George Gissing thought was "of course vastly inferior to what I had supposed from the reviews".[11] Later years[edit] Hope wrote 32 volumes of fiction over the course of his lifetime and he had a large popular following. In 1896 he published The Chronicles of Count Antonio, followed in 1897 by a tale of adventure set on a Greek island, entitled Phroso.[6] He went on a publicity tour of the United States in late 1897, during which he impressed a New York Times reporter as being somewhat like Rudolf Rassendyll: a well-dressed Englishman with a hearty laugh, a soldierly attitude, a dry sense of humour, "quiet, easy manners", and an air of shrewdness.[12] Blue plaque in Bedford Square, London In 1898, he wrote Simon Dale, a historical novel involving actress and courtesan Nell Gwyn. Marie Tempest appeared in the dramatisation, called English Nell. One of Hope's plays, The Adventure of Lady Ursula, was produced in 1898. This was followed by his novel The King's Mirror (1899), which Hope considered one of his best works; and Captain Dieppe (1899). In 1900, he published Quisanté and he was elected chairman of the committee of the Society of Authors. He wrote Tristram of Blent in 1901, The Intrusions of Peggy in 1902, and Double Harness in 1904, followed by A Servant of the Public in 1905, about the love of acting. In 1906, he produced Sophy of Kravonia, a novel in a similar vein to Zenda which was serialised in The Windsor Magazine; Roger Lancelyn Green is especially damning of this effort.[13] Nevertheless, the story was filmed twice, in Italy in 1916 as Sofia De Kravonia, and in the United States in 1920 as Sophy of Kravonia or, The Virgin of Paris. Both adaptations featured the actress Diana Karenne in the title role (billed as "Diana Kareni" in the latter film). In 1907, a collection of his short stories and novelettes was published under the title Tales of Two People; as well as the novel Helena's Path. In 1910, he wrote Second String, followed by Mrs Maxon Protests the next year. Hope wrote and co-wrote many plays and political non-fiction during the First World War, some under the auspices of the Ministry of Information. Later publications included The Secret of the Tower, and Beaumaroy Home from the Wars, in 1919 and Lucinda in 1920. Lancelyn Green asserts that Hope was "a first-class amateur but only a second-class professional writer.[2] Personal life[edit] Hope married Elizabeth Somerville (1885/6–1946) in 1903 and they had two sons and a daughter. He was knighted in 1918 for his contribution to propaganda efforts during World War I.[1][14] He published an autobiographical book, Memories and Notes, in 1927. Death[edit] Hope died of throat cancer at the age of 70 at his country home, Heath Farm at Walton-on-the-Hill in Surrey.[1] There is a blue plaque on his house in Bedford Square, London.[15] Bibliography[edit] The Ruritanian Trilogy[edit] The Heart of Princess Osra, 1896 - a fix-up novel containing 9 linked short stories The Prisoner of Zenda: being the history of three months in the life of an English gentleman, 1894. Rupert of Hentzau: being the sequel to a story by the same writer entitled the Prisoner of Zenda, 1898. Other works[edit] A Man of Mark, 1890. Father Stafford,1891. Mr Witt's Widow: A Frivolous Tale, 1892. A Change of Air, 1893. Half a Hero, 1893. Sport Royal and other stories, 1893. The Dolly Dialogues, 1894. The God in the Car, 1894. The Indiscretion of the Duchess: being a story concerning two ladies, a nobleman, and a necklace, 1894. The Chronicles of Count Antonio, 1895. Comedies of Courtship, 1896. Phroso: A Romance, 1897. Simon Dale, 1898. The King's Mirror, 1899. Quisanté, 1900. Tristram of Blent: an episode in the story of an ancient house, 1901. The Intrusions of Peggy, 1902. Double Harness, 1904. A Servant of the Public, 1905. Sophy of Kravonia, 1906. Tales of Two People, 1907. The Great Miss Driver, 1908. Love's Logic and other stories, 1908. Dialogue, 1909. Second String, 1910. Mrs Maxon Protests, 1911. Helena's Path, 1912. The New (German) Testament: some texts and a commentary, 1914. Militarism, German and British, 1915. A Young Man's Year, 1915. Why Italy is with the Allies, 1917. Captain Dieppe, 1918. Beaumaroy Home from the Wars, 1919. Lucinda, 1920. Little Tiger: A Novel, 1925. Memories and Notes, 1927. See also[edit] Assassinations in fiction Notes[edit] ^ a b c Taylor 2004. ^ a b Lancelyn Green 1966, p. vii. ^ "Anthony Hope". The Times. No. 46492. London. 10 July 1933. p. 15. Retrieved 21 February 2024 – via The Times Digital Archive. ^ Oxford University Calendar 1895, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895: pp. 247, 337 ^ Spender & Asquith 1932, p. 48 ^ a b c "Hope's Biography at Online-literature.com, written by C. D. Merriman". Online-literature.com. Retrieved 9 August 2014. ^ Lancelyn Green 1966, p. ix. ^ Oxford English Dictionary ^ [1] Archived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine ^ Lancelyn Green 1966, pp. viii, x. ^ Coustillas, Pierre ed. London and the Life of Literature in Late Victorian England: the Diary of George Gissing, Novelist. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1978, p. 353. ^ "Various Dramatic Topics". The New York Times. 17 October 1897. p. 21. Retrieved 19 February 2008. ^ Lancelyn Green 1966, p. xi. ^ "No. 30607". The London Gazette. 2 April 1918. p. 4026. ^ "Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope (1863-1933) a.k.a. Anthony Hope". English Heritage. Retrieved 9 August 2014. References[edit] Lancelyn Green, Roger (1966). Introduction to Prisoner of Zenda & Rupert of Hentzau. Everyman's Library. J. M. Dent & Sons. This six-page introduction is primarily a biography and includes a detailed bibliography of Hope's oeuvre and of biography and criticism concerning him. Taylor, Clare L. (2004). "Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope [pseud. Anthony Hope]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33769. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Spender, J. A.; Asquith, Cyril (1932). Life of Herbert Henry Asquith, Lord Oxford and Asquith. London: Hutchinson. OCLC 767392. External links[edit] Wikisource has original works by or about:Anthony Hope Wikiquote has quotations related to Anthony Hope. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthony Hope. Anthony Hope Collection at the Harry Ransom Center Works by Anthony Hope in eBook form at Standard Ebooks Works by Anthony Hope at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Anthony Hope at Internet Archive Works by Anthony Hope at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Sofia De Kravonia at IMDb Sophy of Kravonia at IMDb Anthony Hope at Library of Congress, with 142 library catalogue records vteAnthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda (1894)Books The Prisoner of Zenda The Heart of Princess Osra Rupert of Hentzau Adaptations The Prisoner of Zenda (1913 film) The Prisoner of Zenda (1915 film) Rupert of Hentzau (1915 film) The Prisoner of Zenda (1922 film) Rupert of Hentzau (1923 film) The Prisoner of Zenda (1937 film) The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film) Jhinder Bondi (1961) Rupert of Hentzau (TV series) The Prisoner of Zenda (1979 film) Prisoner of Zenda (1988 film) Prem Ratan Dhan Payo (2015) See also Ruritania The Great Race (1965 film) Royal Flash (1970 novel) Royal Flash (1975 film) "The Prisoner of Benda" (2010 episode of Futurama) Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Israel Finland Belgium United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Greece Korea Croatia Netherlands Poland Portugal Vatican Academics CiNii Artists MusicBrainz People Trove Other SNAC IdRef
CHAPTER 1
The Rassendylls-With a Word on the Elphbergs "I wonder when in the world you're going to do anything, Rudolf?" said my brother's wife. "My dear Rose," I answered, laying down my egg-spoon, "why in the world should I do anything? My position is a comfortable one. I have an income nearly sufficient for my wants (no one's income is ever quite sufficient, you know), I enjoy an enviable social position: I am brother to Lord Burlesdon, and brother-in-law to that charming lady, his countess. Behold, it is enough!"
"You are nine-and-twenty," she observed, "and you've done nothing but-" "Knock about? It is true. Our family doesn't need to do things." This remark of mine rather annoyed Rose, for everybody knows (and therefore there can be no harm in referring to the fact) that, pretty and accomplished as she herself is, her family is hardly of the same standing as the Rassendylls. Besides her attractions, she possessed a large fortune, and my brother Robert was wise enough not to mind about her ancestry. Ancestry is, in fact, a matter concerning which the next observation of Rose's has some truth.
"Good families are generally worse than any others," she said. Upon this I stroked my hair: I knew quite well what she meant. "I'm so glad Robert's is black!" she cried. At this moment Robert (who rises at seven and works before breakfast) came in. He glanced at his wife: her cheek was slightly flushed; he patted it caressingly.
"What's the matter, my dear?" he asked. "She objects to my doing nothing and having red hair," said I, in an injured tone. "Oh! of course he can't help his hair," admitted Rose. "It generally crops out once in a generation," said my brother. "So does the nose. Rudolf has got them both."
"I wish they didn't crop out," said Rose, still flushed. "I rather like them myself," said I, and, rising, I bowed to the portrait of Countess Amelia. My brother's wife uttered an exclamation of impatience. "I wish you'd take that picture away, Robert," said she. "My dear!" he cried. "Good heavens!" I added.
"Then it might be forgotten," she continued. "Hardly-with Rudolf about," said Robert, shaking his head. "Why should it be forgotten?" I asked. "Rudolf!" exclaimed my brother's wife, blushing very prettily.
I laughed, and went on with my egg. At least I had shelved the question of what (if anything) I ought to do. And, by way of closing the discussion-and also, I must admit, of exasperating my strict little sister-in-law a trifle more-I observed: "I rather like being an Elphberg myself."
When I read a story, I skip the explanations; yet the moment I begin to write one, I find that I must have an explanation. For it is manifest that I must explain why my sister-in-law was vexed with my nose and hair, and why I ventured to call myself an Elphberg. For eminent as, I must protest, the Rassendylls have been for many generations, yet participation in their blood of course does not, at first sight, justify the boast of a connection with the grander stock of the Elphbergs or a claim to be one of that Royal House. For what relationship is there between Ruritania and Burlesdon, between the Palace at Strelsau or the Castle of Zenda and Number 305 Park Lane, W.?
Well then-and I must premise that I am going, perforce, to rake up the very scandal which my dear Lady Burlesdon wishes forgotten-in the year 1733, George II. sitting then on the throne, peace reigning for the moment, and the King and the Prince of Wales being not yet at loggerheads, there came on a visit to the English Court a certain prince, who was afterwards known to history as Rudolf the Third of Ruritania. The prince was a tall, handsome young fellow, marked (maybe marred, it is not for me to say) by a somewhat unusually long, sharp and straight nose, and a mass of dark-red hair-in fact, the nose and the hair which have stamped the Elphbergs time out of mind. He stayed some months in England, where he was most courteously received; yet, in the end, he left rather under a cloud. For he fought a duel (it was considered highly well bred of him to waive all question of his rank) with a nobleman, well known in the society of the day, not only for his own merits, but as the husband of a very beautiful wife. In that duel Prince Rudolf received a severe wound, and, recovering therefrom, was adroitly smuggled off by the Ruritanian ambassador, who had found him a pretty handful. The nobleman was not wounded in the duel; but the morning being raw and damp on the occasion of the meeting, he contracted a severe chill, and, failing to throw it off, he died some six months after the departure of Prince Rudolf, without having found leisure to adjust his relations with his wife-who, after another two months, bore an heir to the title and estates of the family of Burlesdon. This lady was the Countess Amelia, whose picture my sister-in-law wished to remove from the drawing-room in Park Lane; and her husband was James, fifth Earl of Burlesdon and twenty-second Baron Rassendyll, both in the peerage of England, and a Knight of the Garter. As for Rudolf, he went back to Ruritania, married a wife, and ascended the throne, whereon his progeny in the direct line have sat from then till this very hour-with one short interval. And, finally, if you walk through the picture galleries at Burlesdon, among the fifty portraits or so of the last century and a half, you will find five or six, including that of the sixth earl, distinguished by long, sharp, straight noses and a quantity of dark-red hair; these five or six have also blue eyes, whereas among the Rassendylls dark eyes are the commoner.
That is the explanation, and I am glad to have finished it: the blemishes on honourable lineage are a delicate subject, and certainly this heredity we hear so much about is the finest scandalmonger in the world; it laughs at discretion, and writes strange entries between the lines of the "Peerages". It will be observed that my sister-in-law, with a want of logic that must have been peculiar to herself (since we are no longer allowed to lay it to the charge of her sex), treated my complexion almost as an offence for which I was responsible, hastening to assume from that external sign inward qualities of which I protest my entire innocence; and this unjust inference she sought to buttress by pointing to the uselessness of the life I had led. Well, be that as it may, I had picked up a good deal of pleasure and a good deal of knowledge. I had been to a German school and a German university, and spoke German as readily and perfectly as English; I was thoroughly at home in French; I had a smattering of Italian and enough Spanish to swear by. I was, I believe, a strong, though hardly fine swordsman and a good shot. I could ride anything that had a back to sit on; and my head was as cool a one as you could find, for all its flaming cover. If you say that I ought to have spent my time in useful labour, I am out of Court and have nothing to say, save that my parents had no business to leave me two thousand pounds a year and a roving disposition.
"The difference between you and Robert," said my sister-in-law, who often (bless her!) speaks on a platform, and oftener still as if she were on one, "is that he recognizes the duties of his position, and you see the opportunities of yours." "To a man of spirit, my dear Rose," I answered, "opportunities are duties." "Nonsense!" said she, tossing her head; and after a moment she went on: "Now, here's Sir Jacob Borrodaile offering you exactly what you might be equal to."
"A thousand thanks!" I murmured. "He's to have an Embassy in six months, and Robert says he is sure that he'll take you as an attache. Do take it, Rudolf-to please me." Now, when my sister-in-law puts the matter in that way, wrinkling her pretty brows, twisting her little hands, and growing wistful in the eyes, all on account of an idle scamp like myself, for whom she has no natural responsibility, I am visited with compunction. Moreover, I thought it possible that I could pass the time in the position suggested with some tolerable amusement. Therefore I said:
"My dear sister, if in six months' time no unforeseen obstacle has arisen, and Sir Jacob invites me, hang me if I don't go with Sir Jacob!" "Oh, Rudolf, how good of you! I am glad!" "Where's he going to?" "He doesn't know yet; but it's sure to be a good Embassy."
"Madame," said I, "for your sake I'll go, if it's no more than a beggarly Legation. When I do a thing, I don't do it by halves." My promise, then, was given; but six months are six months, and seem an eternity, and, inasmuch as they stretched between me and my prospective industry (I suppose attaches are industrious; but I know not, for I never became attache to Sir Jacob or anybody else), I cast about for some desirable mode of spending them. And it occurred to me suddenly that I would visit Ruritania. It may seem strange that I had never visited that country yet; but my father (in spite of a sneaking fondness for the Elphbergs, which led him to give me, his second son, the famous Elphberg name of Rudolf) had always been averse from my going, and, since his death, my brother, prompted by Rose, had accepted the family tradition which taught that a wide berth was to be given to that country. But the moment Ruritania had come into my head I was eaten up with a curiosity to see it. After all, red hair and long noses are not confined to the House of Elphberg, and the old story seemed a preposterously insufficient reason for debarring myself from acquaintance with a highly interesting and important kingdom, one which had played no small part in European history, and might do the like again under the sway of a young and vigorous ruler, such as the new King was rumoured to be. My determination was clinched by reading in The Times that Rudolf the Fifth was to be crowned at Strelsau in the course of the next three weeks, and that great magnificence was to mark the occasion. At once I made up my mind to be present, and began my preparations. But, inasmuch as it has never been my practice to furnish my relatives with an itinerary of my journeys and in this case I anticipated opposition to my wishes, I gave out that I was going for a ramble in the Tyrol-an old haunt of mine-and propitiated Rose's wrath by declaring that I intended to study the political and social problems of the interesting community which dwells in that neighbourhood.
"Perhaps," I hinted darkly, "there may be an outcome of the expedition." "What do you mean?" she asked. "Well," said I carelessly, "there seems a gap that might be filled by an exhaustive work on-" "Oh! will you write a book?" she cried, clapping her hands. "That would be splendid, wouldn't it, Robert?"
"It's the best of introductions to political life nowadays," observed my brother, who has, by the way, introduced himself in this manner several times over. Burlesdon on Ancient Theories and Modern Facts and The Ultimate Outcome, by a Political Student, are both works of recognized eminence.
"I believe you are right, Bob, my boy," said I. "Now promise you'll do it," said Rose earnestly. "No, I won't promise; but if I find enough material, I will." "That's fair enough," said Robert. "Oh, material doesn't matter!" she said, pouting.
But this time she could get no more than a qualified promise out of me. To tell the truth, I would have wagered a handsome sum that the story of my expedition that summer would stain no paper and spoil not a single pen. And that shows how little we know what the future holds; for here I am, fulfilling my qualified promise, and writing, as I never thought to write, a book-though it will hardly serve as an introduction to political life, and has not a jot to do with the Tyrol. Neither would it, I fear, please Lady Burlesdon, if I were to submit it to her critical eye-a step which I have no intention of taking.

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Word Lists:

Attache : a person on the staff of an ambassador, typically with a specialized area of responsibility

Smattering : a slight superficial knowledge of a language or subject

Ancestry : one's family or ethnic descent

Itinerary : a planned route or journey

Duel : a contest with deadly weapons arranged between two people in order to settle a point of honor

Debar : exclude or prohibit (someone) officially from doing something

Progeny : a descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring

Exasperating : intensely irritating and frustrating

Compunction : a feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad

Unforeseen : not anticipated or predicted

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Additional Information:

Rating: C Words in the Passage: 2204 Unique Words: 761 Sentences: 108
Noun: 676 Conjunction: 223 Adverb: 123 Interjection: 8
Adjective: 148 Pronoun: 285 Verb: 377 Preposition: 252
Letter Count: 9,235 Sentiment: Positive / Positive / Positive Tone: Conversational Difficult Words: 424
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