Peter Pan Peter Pan and Wendy

- By James M. Barrie
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British novelist and playwright (1860–1937) SirJ. M. BarrieBt OMPortrait by Herbert Rose Barraud, 1892BornJames Matthew Barrie(1860-05-09)9 May 1860Kirriemuir, Angus, ScotlandDied19 June 1937(1937-06-19) (aged 77)London, EnglandResting placeKirriemuir Cemetery, AngusOccupationNovelistplaywrightEducationGlasgow AcademyForfar AcademyDumfries AcademyAlma materUniversity of EdinburghPeriodVictorianEdwardianGenreChildren's literaturedramafantasyNotable worksThe Little White BirdPeter PanThe Admirable CrichtonSpouse Mary Ansell ​ ​(m. 1894; div. 1909)​ChildrenGuardian of the Llewelyn Davies boysSignatureWebsitejmbarrie.co.ukjmbarriesociety.co.uk Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM (/ˈbæri/; 9 May 1860 – 19 June 1937) was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland and then moved to London, where he wrote several successful novels and plays. There he met the Llewelyn Davies boys, who inspired him to write about a baby boy who has magical adventures in Kensington Gardens (first included in Barrie's 1902 adult novel The Little White Bird), then to write Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, a 1904 West End "fairy play" about an ageless boy and an ordinary girl named Wendy who have adventures in the fantasy setting of Neverland. Although he continued to write successfully, Peter Pan overshadowed his other work, and is credited with popularising the name Wendy.[1] Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents. Barrie was made a baronet by George V on 14 June 1913,[2] and a member of the Order of Merit in the 1922 New Year Honours.[3] Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London, which continues to benefit from them. Childhood and adolescence[edit] James Matthew Barrie was born in Kirriemuir, Angus, to a conservative Calvinist family. His father, David Barrie, was a modestly successful weaver. His mother, Margaret Ogilvy, assumed her deceased mother's household responsibilities at the age of eight. Barrie was the ninth child of ten (two of whom died before he was born), all of whom were schooled in at least the three Rs in preparation for possible professional careers.[4] He was a small child and drew attention to himself with storytelling.[5] He grew to only 5 ft 31⁄2 in. (161 cm) according to his 1934 passport.[6] When James Barrie was six years old, his elder brother David (their mother's favourite) died in an ice-skating accident on the day before his 14th birthday.[7] This left his mother devastated, and Barrie tried to fill David's place in his mother's attentions, even wearing David's clothes and whistling in the manner that he did. One time, Barrie entered her room and heard her say, "Is that you?" "I thought it was the dead boy she was speaking to", wrote Barrie in his biographical account of his mother Margaret Ogilvy (1896) "and I said in a little lonely voice, 'No, it's no' him, it's just me.'" Barrie's mother found comfort in the fact that her dead son would remain a boy forever, never to grow up and leave her.[8] Eventually, Barrie and his mother entertained each other with stories of her brief childhood and books such as Robinson Crusoe, works by fellow Scotsman Walter Scott, and The Pilgrim's Progress.[9] At the age of eight, Barrie was sent to the Glasgow Academy in the care of his eldest siblings, Alexander and Mary Ann, who taught at the school. When he was 10, he returned home and continued his education at the Forfar Academy. At 14, he left home for Dumfries Academy, again under the watch of Alexander and Mary Ann. He became a voracious reader and was fond of penny dreadfuls and the works of Robert Michael Ballantyne and James Fenimore Cooper. At Dumfries, he and his friends spent time in the garden of Moat Brae house, playing pirates "in a sort of Odyssey that was long afterwards to become the play of Peter Pan".[10][11] They formed a drama club, producing his first play Bandelero the Bandit, which provoked a minor controversy following a scathing moral denunciation from a clergyman on the school's governing board.[9] Literary career[edit] Barrie in 1892 Barrie knew that he wished to follow a career as an author. However, his family attempted to persuade him to choose a profession such as the ministry. With advice from Alexander, he was able to work out a compromise: he would attend a university but would study literature.[12] Barrie enrolled at the University of Edinburgh where he wrote drama reviews for the Edinburgh Evening Courant. He graduated and obtained an M.A. on 21 April 1882.[12] Following a job advertisement found by his sister in The Scotsman, he worked for a year and a half as a staff journalist on the Nottingham Journal.[12] Back in Kirriemuir, he submitted a piece to the St. James's Gazette, a London newspaper, using his mother's stories about the town where she grew up (renamed "Thrums"). The editor "liked that Scotch thing" so well that Barrie ended up writing a series of these stories.[9] They served as the basis for his first novels: Auld Licht Idylls (1888), A Window in Thrums (1889),[13] and The Little Minister (1891). Some of Barrie's novels The stories depicted the "Auld Lichts", a strict religious sect to which his grandfather had once belonged.[14] Modern literary criticism of these early works has been unfavourable, tending to disparage them as sentimental and nostalgic depictions of a parochial Scotland, far from the realities of the industrialised 19th century, seen as characteristic of what became known as the Kailyard School.[15] Despite, or perhaps because of, this, they were popular enough at the time to establish Barrie as a successful writer.[14] Following that success, he published Better Dead (1888) privately and at his own expense, but it failed to sell.[16] His two "Tommy" novels, Sentimental Tommy (1896) and Tommy and Grizel (1900), were about a boy and young man who clings to childish fantasy, with an unhappy ending. The English novelist George Gissing read the former in November 1896 and wrote that he "thoroughly dislike[d it]".[17] Meanwhile, Barrie's attention turned increasingly to works for the theatre, beginning with a biography of Richard Savage, written by Barrie and H. B. Marriott Watson; it was performed only once and critically panned. He immediately followed this with Ibsen's Ghost, or Toole Up-to-Date (1891), a parody of Henrik Ibsen's dramas Hedda Gabler and Ghosts.[14] Ghosts had been unlicensed in the UK until 1914,[18] but had created a sensation at the time from a single "club" performance. Peter Pan statue (1912) by Sir George Frampton in Kensington Gardens, London The production of Ibsen's Ghost at Toole's Theatre in London was seen by William Archer, the translator of Ibsen's works into English. Apparently comfortable with the parody, he enjoyed the humour of the play and recommended it to others. Barrie's third play Walker, London (1892) resulted in his being introduced to a young actress named Mary Ansell. He proposed to her and they were married on 9 July 1894. Barrie bought her a Saint Bernard puppy, Porthos, who played a part in the 1902 novel The Little White Bird. He used Ansell's first name for many characters in his novels.[14] Barrie also authored Jane Annie, a comic opera for Richard D'Oyly Carte (1893), which failed; he persuaded Arthur Conan Doyle to revise and finish it for him. In 1901 and 1902, he had back-to-back successes; Quality Street was about a respectable, responsible old maid who poses as her own flirtatious niece to try to win the attention of a former suitor returned from the war. The Admirable Crichton was a critically acclaimed social commentary with elaborate staging, about an aristocratic family and their household servants whose social order is inverted after they are shipwrecked on a desert island. Max Beerbohm thought it "quite the best thing that has happened, in my time, to the British theatre".[19] The character of "Peter Pan" first appeared in The Little White Bird. The novel was published in the UK by Hodder & Stoughton in 1902, and serialised in the US in the same year in Scribner's Magazine.[20] Barrie's more famous and enduring work Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up had its first stage performance on 27 December 1904 at the West End’s Duke of York's Theatre.[21] This play introduced audiences to the name Wendy; it was inspired by a young girl named Margaret Henley who called Barrie "Friendy", but could not pronounce her Rs very well. The Bloomsbury scenes show the societal constraints of late Victorian and Edwardian middle class domestic reality, contrasted with Neverland, a world where morality is ambivalent. George Bernard Shaw described the play as "ostensibly a holiday entertainment for children but really a play for grown-up people", suggesting deeper social metaphors at work in Peter Pan. Barrie had a long string of successes on the stage after Peter Pan, many of which discuss social concerns, as Barrie continued to integrate his work and his beliefs. The Twelve Pound Look (1910) concerns a wife leaving her 'typical' husband once she can gain an independent income. Other plays, such as Mary Rose (1920) and Dear Brutus (1917), revisit the idea of the ageless child and parallel worlds. Barrie was involved in the 1909 and 1911 attempts to challenge the censorship of the theatre by the Lord Chamberlain, along with a number of other playwrights.[22] In 1911, Barrie developed the Peter Pan play into the novel Peter and Wendy. In April 1929, Barrie gave the copyright of the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital, a leading children's hospital in London. The current status of the copyright is somewhat complex. His final play was The Boy David (1936), which dramatised the Biblical story of King Saul and the young David. Like the role of Peter Pan, that of David was played by a woman, Elisabeth Bergner, for whom Barrie wrote the play.[23] Social connections[edit] Sir James Barrie, around 1895 Barrie moved in literary circles and had many famous friends in addition to his professional collaborators. Novelist George Meredith was an early social patron. He had a long correspondence with fellow Scot Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa at the time. Stevenson invited Barrie to visit him, but the two never met.[24] [25] He was also friends with fellow Scots writer S. R. Crockett. George Bernard Shaw was his neighbour in London for several years, and once participated in a Western that Barrie scripted and filmed. H. G. Wells was a friend of many years, and tried to intervene when Barrie's marriage fell apart. Barrie met Thomas Hardy through Hugh Clifford while he was staying in London.[25] He was friends with Nobel prize winner John Galsworthy.[26] Barrie remained tied to his Scottish roots and visited his hometown of Kirriemuir regularly with his wards. When choosing his first personal secretary, Barrie chose E. V. Lucas's wife, Elizabeth Lucas, who had Scottish roots through her American parentage.[27] After Elizabeth Lucas moved to Paris, France, Barrie chose Cynthia Asquith as his personal secretary. After the First World War, Barrie sometimes stayed at Stanway House near the village of Stanway in Gloucestershire. He paid for the pavilion at Stanway cricket ground.[28] In 1887, he founded an amateur cricket team for friends of similarly limited playing ability, and named it the Allahakbarries under the mistaken belief that "Allah akbar" meant "Heaven help us" in Arabic (rather than "God is great").[29] Some of the best known British authors from the era played on the team at various times, including H. G. Wells, Rudyard Kipling, Arthur Conan Doyle, P. G. Wodehouse, Jerome K. Jerome, G. K. Chesterton, A. A. Milne, E. W. Hornung, A. E. W. Mason, Walter Raleigh, E. V. Lucas, Maurice Hewlett, Owen Seaman (editor of Punch), Bernard Partridge, George Cecil Ives, George Llewelyn Davies (see below) and the son of Alfred Tennyson. In 1891, Barrie joined the newly formed Authors Cricket Club and also played for its cricket team, the Authors XI, alongside Doyle, Wodehouse and Milne. The Allahakbarries and the Authors XI continued to exist side by side until 1912.[9][30] Barrie befriended Africa explorer Joseph Thomson and Antarctica explorer Robert Falcon Scott.[31] He was godfather to Scott's son Peter,[32] and was one of the seven people to whom Scott wrote letters in the final hours of his life during his expedition to the South Pole, asking Barrie to take care of his wife Kathleen and son Peter. Barrie was so proud of the letter that he carried it around for the rest of his life.[33] In 1896, his agent Addison Bright persuaded him to meet with Broadway producer Charles Frohman, who became his financial backer and a close friend, as well.[34] Frohman was responsible for producing the debut of Peter Pan in both England and the US, as well as other productions of Barrie's plays. He famously declined a lifeboat seat when the RMS Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat in the North Atlantic. Actress Rita Jolivet stood with Frohman, George Vernon and Captain Alick Scott at the end of Lusitania's sinking, but she survived the sinking and recalled Frohman paraphrasing Peter Pan: 'Why fear death? It is the most beautiful adventure that life gives us.'[35] His secretary from 1917, Cynthia Asquith, was the daughter-in-law of H. H. Asquith, British Prime Minister from 1908 to 1916.[36] In the 1930s, Barrie met and told stories to the young daughters of the Duke of York, the future Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret.[36] After meeting him, the three-year-old Princess Margaret announced, "He is my greatest friend and I am his greatest friend".[25] Marriage[edit] Blue plaque on 100 Bayswater Road, London where Barrie lived and wrote Peter Pan Barrie became acquainted with actress Mary Ansell in 1891, when he asked his friend Jerome K. Jerome for a pretty actress to play a role in his play Walker, London. The two became friends, and she helped his family to care for him when he fell very ill in 1893 and 1894.[9] They married in Kirriemuir on 9 July 1894,[37] shortly after Barrie recovered, and Mary retired from the stage. The wedding was a small ceremony in his parents' home, in the Scottish tradition.[38] The relationship was reportedly unconsummated, and the couple had no children.[39] In 1895, the Barries bought a house on Gloucester Road, in South Kensington.[40] Barrie would take long walks in nearby Kensington Gardens, and in 1900 the couple moved into a house directly overlooking the gardens at 100 Bayswater Road. Mary had a flair for interior design and set about transforming the ground floor, creating two large reception rooms with painted panelling and adding fashionable features, such as a conservatory.[41] In the same year, Mary found Black Lake Cottage at Farnham in Surrey, which became the couple's "bolt hole" where Barrie could entertain his cricketing friends and the Llewelyn Davies family.[42] Beginning in mid-1908, Mary had an affair with Gilbert Cannan (who was twenty years younger than she[43] and an associate of Barrie in his anti-censorship activities), including a visit together to Black Lake Cottage, known only to the house staff. When Barrie learned of the affair in July 1909, he demanded that she end it, but she refused. To avoid the scandal of divorce, he offered a legal separation if she would agree not to see Cannan any more, but she still refused. Barrie sued for divorce on the grounds of infidelity; the divorce was granted in October 1909.[44][45] Knowing how painful the divorce was for him, some of Barrie's friends wrote to a number of newspaper editors asking them not to publish the story. In the event, only three newspapers did.[46][47] Barrie continued to support Mary financially even after she married Cannan, by giving her an annual allowance, which was handed over at a private dinner held on her and Barrie's wedding anniversary.[43] Llewelyn Davies family[edit] Jack Llewelyn Davies acting in Barrie's pirate adventure, The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island, 1901 The Llewelyn Davies family played an important part in Barrie's literary and personal life, consisting of Arthur (1863–1907), Sylvia (1866–1910) (daughter of George du Maurier),[48] and their five sons: George (1893–1915), John (Jack) (1894–1959), Peter (1897–1960), Michael (1900–1921) and Nicholas (Nico) (1903–1980). Barrie became acquainted with the family in 1897, meeting George and Jack (and baby Peter) with their nurse (nanny) Mary Hodgson in London's Kensington Gardens. He lived nearby and often walked his Saint Bernard dog Porthos in the park. He entertained the boys regularly with his ability to wiggle his ears and eyebrows, and with his stories.[49] He did not meet Sylvia until a chance encounter at a dinner party in December. She told Barrie that Peter had been named after the title character in her father's novel, Peter Ibbetson.[50] Michael Llewelyn Davies as Peter Pan, 1906. Photo was taken by Barrie at Cudlow House in Rustington, West Sussex Barrie became a regular visitor at the Davies household and a common companion to Sylvia and her boys, despite the fact that both he and she were married to other people.[6] In 1901, he invited the Davies family to Black Lake Cottage, where he produced an album of captioned photographs of the boys acting out a pirate adventure, entitled The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island. Barrie had two copies made, one of which he gave to Arthur, who misplaced it on a train.[51] The only surviving copy is held at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.[52] The character of Peter Pan was invented to entertain George and Jack. Barrie would say, to amuse them, that their little brother Peter could fly. He claimed that babies were birds before they were born; parents put bars on nursery windows to keep the little ones from flying away. This grew into a tale of a baby boy who did fly away.[53] Barrie’s Saint Bernard dog Porthos in 1899 Arthur Llewelyn Davies died in 1907, and "Uncle Jim" became even more involved with the Davies family, providing financial support to them. (His income from Peter Pan and other works was easily adequate to provide for their living expenses and education.)[54] Following Sylvia's death in 1910, Barrie claimed that they had recently been engaged to be married.[55] Her will indicated nothing to that effect but specified her wish for "J. M. B." to be trustee and guardian to the boys, along with her mother Emma, her brother Guy du Maurier and Arthur's brother Compton. It expressed her confidence in Barrie as the boys' caretaker and her wish for "the boys to treat him (& their uncles) with absolute confidence & straightforwardness & to talk to him about everything."[56] When copying the will informally for Sylvia's family a few months later, Barrie inserted himself elsewhere: Sylvia had written that she would like Mary Hodgson, the boys' nurse, to continue taking care of them, and for "Jenny" (referring to Hodgson's sister) to come and help her; Barrie instead wrote, "Jimmy" (Sylvia's nickname for him).[57] Barrie and Hodgson did not get along well but served together as surrogate parents until the boys were grown.[58] Barrie also had friendships with other children, both before he met the Davies boys and after they had grown up, and there has since been unsubstantiated speculation that Barrie was a paedophile.[59][60] One source for the speculation is a scene in the novel The Little White Bird, in which the protagonist helps a small boy undress for bed, and at the boy's request they sleep in the same bed.[61] However, there is no evidence that Barrie had sexual contact with children, nor that he was suspected of it at the time. Nico, the youngest of the brothers, denied as an adult that Barrie ever behaved inappropriately. "I don't believe that Uncle Jim ever experienced what one might call 'a stirring in the undergrowth' for anyone—man, woman, or child", he stated.[62] "He was an innocent—which is why he could write Peter Pan."[63] His relationships with the surviving Davies boys continued well beyond their childhood and adolescence. The Peter Pan statue in Kensington Gardens, erected secretly overnight for May Morning in 1912, was supposed to be modelled upon old photographs of Michael dressed as the character. However, the sculptor, Sir George Frampton, used a different child as a model, leaving Barrie disappointed with the result. "It doesn't show the devil in Peter", he said.[64] Barrie suffered bereavements with the boys, losing the two to whom he was closest in their early twenties. George was killed in action in 1915, in the First World War.[65] Michael, with whom Barrie corresponded daily while at boarding school and university, drowned in 1921, with his friend, Rupert Buxton,[66] at a known danger spot at Sandford Lock near Oxford, one month short of his 21st birthday.[67] Some years after Barrie's death, Peter compiled his Morgue from family letters and papers, interpolated with his own informed comments on his family and their relationship with Barrie. Peter died in 1960 by throwing himself in front of an Underground train at Sloane Square station. Death[edit] Gravestone of J. M. Barrie in Kirriemuir Cemetery Barrie died of pneumonia at a nursing home in Manchester Street, Marylebone on 19 June 1937.[68] He was buried at Kirriemuir next to his parents and two of his siblings.[69] His birthplace at 9 Brechin Road is maintained as a museum by the National Trust for Scotland.[70] Barrie left the bulk of his estate to his secretary Lady Cynthia Asquith, but excluding the rights to all Peter Pan works (which included The Little White Bird, Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, the play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up and the novel Peter and Wendy), whose copyright he had previously given to Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. The surviving Llewelyn Davies boys received legacies, and he made provisions for his former wife Mary Ansell to receive an annuity during her lifetime.[6] His will also left £500 to the Bower Free Church in Caithness to mark the memory of Rev James Winter who was to have married Barrie's sister in June 1892 but was killed in a fall from his horse in May 1892. Barrie had several connections to the Free Church of Scotland, including his maternal uncle Rev David Ogilvy (1822–1904), who was minister of Dalziel Church in Motherwell.[71] James and his brother William Winter (also a Free Church minister) were both born in Cortachy the sons of Rev William Winter. Cortachy is just west of Kirriemuir and the Winters seem closely connected to the Ogilvy family.[72] Biographies[edit] Books[edit] Hammerton, J. A. (1929). Barrie: the Story of a Genius. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. Darlington, W. A. (1938). J. M. Barrie. London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son. ISBN 0-8383-1768-5. Chalmers, Patrick (1938). The Barrie Inspiration. Peter Davies. ISBN 978-1-4733-1220-3. Mackail, Denis (1941). Barrie: The Story of J. M. B. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-8369-6734-8. Dunbar, Janet (1970). J. M. Barrie: The Man Behind the Image. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-211384-8. Birkin, Andrew (2003). J. M. Barrie and the Lost Boys: The Real Story Behind Peter Pan (Revised ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09822-8. Chaney, Lisa (2006). Hide-and-Seek with Angels: A Life of J. M. Barrie. Arrow. ISBN 978-0-09-945323-9. Dudgeon, Piers (2009). Captivated: J. M. Barrie, the du Mauriers & the Dark Side of Neverland. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-09-952045-0. Telfer, Kevin (2010). Peter Pan's First XI: The Extraordinary Story of J. M. Barrie's Cricket Team. Sceptre. ISBN 978-0-340-91945-3. Ridley, Rosalind (2016). Peter Pan and the Mind of J. M. Barrie: An Exploration of Cognition and Consciousness. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-9107-3. Dudgeon, Piers (2016). J. M. Barrie and the Boy Who Inspired Him. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-1-250-08779-9. Journal[edit] Stokes, Sewell (November 1941). "James M Barrie". New York Theatre Arts Inc. 25 (11): 845–848. Film, television and stage[edit] The Lost Boys (1978). Ian Holm (as J.M. Barrie), Andrew Birkin (writer). BBC. The Man Who Was Peter Pan (1998) is a play by Allan Knee, a semi-biographical version of Barrie's life and relationship with the Llewelyn Davies family. Finding Neverland (2004) with Johnny Depp (as J.M. Barrie), Kate Winslet (Sylvia Llewelyn Davies), Marc Forster (director), based on Allan Knee's play. The Boy James (2012) by Alexander Wright (of Belt Up Theatre), is a one act play inspired by his life and work. Finding Neverland (2012) by Diane Paulus, is a musical about the creation of Peter Pan based on the film and starring Matthew Morrison and Laura Michelle Kelly. Honours[edit] Personal[edit] Barrie was appointed a baronet by King George V in 1913. He was made a member of the Order of Merit in 1922. In 1919 he was elected Rector of the University of St Andrews for a three-year term. In 1922 he delivered his celebrated Rectorial Address on Courage at St Andrews, and visited University College Dundee with Earl Haig to open its new playing fields, with Barrie bowling a few balls to Haig.[73] He served as Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh from 1930 to 1937.[74] Barrie was the only person to receive the Freedom of Kirriemuir in a ceremony on 7 June 1930 in Kirriemuir Town Hall where he was presented with a silver casket containing the freedom scroll. The casket was made by silversmiths Brook & Son in Edinburgh in 1929 and is decorated with images of sites in Kirriemuir which held significant memories for Barrie: Kirriemuir Townhouse, Strathview, Window in Thrums, the statue of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and the Barrie Cricket Pavilion. The casket is on display in the Kirrimuir Gateway to the Glens Museum in the Kirriemuir Town House.[75] Coat of arms of J. M. Barrie Crest An open book amid reeds all Proper. Escutcheon Barry of six Argent and Gules in chief a lion passant guardant counterchanged and issuant from the base reeds Proper. Motto Amour De La Bonte (Love of Goodness) [76] Legacy[edit] The Sir James Barrie Primary School in Wandsworth, South West London is named after him. The Barrie School in Silver Spring, Maryland, is also named in his honour.[77] Tributes[edit] On 9 May 2010, Google celebrated J.M. Barrie's 150th Birthday with a doodle.[78][79] Bibliography[edit] Peter Pan[edit] The Little White Bird, or Adventures in Kensington Gardens (1902) Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (staged 1904, published 1928) Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906) When Wendy Grew Up: An Afterthought (written – 1908, published 1957) Peter and Wendy (novel) (1911) Other works by year[edit] Better Dead (1887) Auld Licht Idylls (1888) When a Man's Single (1888) A Window in Thrums (1889) My Lady Nicotine (1890), republished in 1926 with the subtitle A Study in Smoke The Little Minister (1891) Richard Savage (1891) Ibsen's Ghost (Toole Up-to-Date) (1891) Walker, London (1892) Jane Annie (opera), music by Ernest Ford, libretto by Barrie and Arthur Conan Doyle (1893) A Powerful Drug and Other Stories (1893) A Tillyloss Scandal (1893) Two of Them (1893) A Lady's Shoe[80] (1893) (two short stories: A Lady's Shoe, The Inconsiderate Waiter) Life in a Country Manse (1894) Scotland's Lament: A Poem on the Death of Robert Louis Stevenson (1895) Sentimental Tommy, The Story of His Boyhood (1896) Margaret Ogilvy (1896) Jess[81] (1898) Tommy and Grizel (1900) The Wedding Guest (1900) The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island (1901) Quality Street (play) (1901) The Admirable Crichton (play) (1902) Little Mary (play) (1903) Alice Sit-by-the-Fire (play) (1905) Pantaloon (1905) What Every Woman Knows (play) (1908) Half an Hour[82] (play) (1913) Half Hours[83] (1914) includes: Pantaloon The Twelve-Pound Look Rosalind The Will The Legend of Leonora (1914) Der Tag[84] (The Tragic Man) (Short play) (1914) The New Word[85] (play) (1915) Charles Frohman: A Tribute (1915) Rosy Rapture[86] (play) (1915) A Kiss for Cinderella (play) (1916) Real Thing at Last[87] (play) (1916) Shakespeare's Legacy[88] (play) (1916) A Strange Play[89] (play) (1917) Charwomen and the War or The Old Lady Shows her Medals[90] (play) (1917) Dear Brutus[91] (1917) (play) La Politesse[92] (play) (1918) Echoes of the War (1918) Four plays, includes: The New Word The Old Lady Shows Her Medals (basis for the movie Seven Days Leave (1930), starring Gary Cooper) A Well-Remembered Voice[93] Barbara's Wedding Mary Rose (1920) 1952 production of The Twelve Pound Look at Shimer CollegeThe Twelve-Pound Look (1921) Courage, the Rectorial Address delivered at St. Andrews University (1922) The Author (1925) Biographical Introduction to Scott's Last Expedition (preface) (orig. pub. 1913, introduction included in 1925 edition only) Cricket (1926) Shall We Join the Ladies?[94] (1928) includes: Shall We Join the Ladies? Half an Hour Seven Women Old Friends The Greenwood Hat (1930) Farewell Miss Julie Logan (1932) The Boy David (1936) M'Connachie and J. M. B. (1938) story treatment for film As You Like It (1936) The Reconstruction of the Crime (play), co-written with E.V. Lucas (undated, first published 2017) Stories by English Authors: London (selected by Scribners, as contributor) Stories by English Authors: Scotland (selected by Scribners, as contributor) preface to The Young Visiters or, Mr. Salteena's Plan by Daisy Ashford The Earliest Plays of J. M. Barrie: Bandelero the Bandit, Bohemia and Caught Napping, edited by R.D.S. Jack (2014) References[edit] ^ "History of the name Wendy". Wendy.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ^ "No. 28733". The London Gazette. 1 July 1913. p. 4638. ^ "No. 32563". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1921. p. 10713. ^ Adams, James Eli (2012). A History of Victorian Literature. John Wiley & Sons. p. 359. ^ Moffat, Alistair (2012). "Chapter 9". Britain's Last Frontier: A Journey Along the Highland Line. Birlinn. p. 1. ^ a b c Birkin, Andrew: J. M. Barrie & the Lost Boys, Constable, 1979; revised edition, Yale University Press, 2003 ^ Birkin (2003), p. 3. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 4–5. ^ a b c d e Chaney, Lisa. Hide-and-Seek with Angels – A Life of J. M. Barrie, London: Arrow Books, 2005 ^ McConnachie and J. M. B.: Speeches of J. M. Barrie, Peter Davies, 1938 ^ "Peter Pan project off the ground". BBC News Scotland. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009. ^ a b c White (1994), p. 26. ^ J. M. Barrie. "A Window in Thrums". Project Gutenberg. ^ a b c d White (1994), p. 27. ^ "Kailyard School". www.litencyc.com. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 16. ^ Coustillas, Pierre ed. London and the Life of Literature in Late Victorian England: the Diary of George Gissing, Novelist. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1978, p.427. ^ Dominic Shellard, et al. The Lord Chamberlain Regrets, 2004, British Library, pp. 77–79. ^ "Tales from the cabbage patch". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2019. ^ Cox, Michael (2005). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 428. ISBN 978-0198610540. ^ "Mr Barrie's New Play. A Christmas Fairy Tale". The Glasgow Herald. 28 December 1904. p. 7. Retrieved 26 May 2018. ^ Postlewait, Thomas (2004). "The London Stage, 1895–1918". The Cambridge History of British Theatre. p. 38. ISBN 978-0521651325. ^ Law, Jonathan, ed. (2013). The Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre. A & C Black. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-1408131480. ^ Shaw, Michael (ed.) (2020), A Friendship in Letters: Robert Louis Stevenson & J.M. Barrie, Sandstone Press, Inverness ISBN 978-1-913207-02-1 ^ a b c Miller, Laura (14 December 2003). "THE LAST WORD; The Lost Boy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2019. ^ Barker, Dudley (1963). A Man of Principle. London: House and Maxwell. p. 179. ISBN 1379084962. ^ Sass, Sara (2021). There Are Some Secrets. Atmosphere Press. ISBN 9781639880102. ^ Page, William (1965). The Victoria History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 6. A. Constable, limited. p. 226. ^ Tim Masters (7 May 2010). "How Peter Pan's author invented celebrity cricket". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2019. ^ Parkinson, Justin (26 July 2014). "Authors and actors revive cricket rivalry". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 10 April 2019. ^ Smith, Mark (2 September 2010). "Two friends who took the world by storm". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2 September 2010. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 209. ^ White (1994), p. 36. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 38. ^ Ellis, Frederick D., The Tragedy of the Lusitania (National Publishing Company, 1915), pp. 38–39; Preston, Diana, Lusitania, An Epic Tragedy (Walker & Company, 2002), p. 204; New York Tribune, "Frohman Calm; Not Concerned About Death, Welcomed It as Beautiful Adventure, He Told Friends at End", 11 May 1915, p. 3; Marcosson, Isaac Frederick, & Daniel Frohman, Charles Frohman: Manager and Man (John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1916), p. 387; Frohman, Charles, The Lusitania Resource ^ a b "Captain Scott and J M Barrie: an unlikely friendship". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2015. ^ "Hall of Fame A–Z: J M Barrie (1860–1937)". National Records of Scotland. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2018. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 28–29. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 179–180. ^ Stogdon, Catalina (17 May 2006). "Round the houses: Peter Pan". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2015. ^ Law, Cally (10 May 2015). "Return to Neverland". The Sunday Times. Times Newspapers Limited. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015. ^ "JM Barrie". Surrey Monocle. 10 January 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Retrieved from Internet Archive 27 December 2013. ^ a b Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey, p. 287 ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 175–176, 181. ^ "J.M. Barrie Seeks Divorce from Wife". New York Times. 7 October 1909. Retrieved 17 April 2010. The name of James M. Barrie, the playwright, figures as a petitioner in the list of divorce cases set down for trial at the next session of the law courts here. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 181. ^ White (1994), p. 34. ^ married the 3Q of 1892 in Hampstead, London: GROMI: vol. 1a, p. 1331 ^ Birkin (2003), p. 41. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 44–45. ^ "Andrew Birkin on J. M. Barrie". Jmbarrie.co.uk. 5 April 1960. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Retrieved from Internet Archive 27 December 2013. ^ J. M. Barrie's Boy Castaways Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University ^ White (1994), p. 29. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 154. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 91–92. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 188–189. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 194. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 196, 271. ^ Picardie, Justine (13 July 2008). "How bad was J. M. Barrie?". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ^ Parker, James (22 February 2004). "The real Peter Pan – The Boston Globe". Boston.com. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ^ White, Donna R. (1994). Zaidman, Laura M. (ed.). British Children's Writers, 1880–1914. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research. ISBN 978-0810355552. ^ Birkin (2003), Introduction to the Yale Edition. ^ Birkin (2003), p. 130. ^ Birkin (2003), pp. 142, 202. ^ "Casualty Details: Davies, George Llewelyn". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 24 August 2016. ^ "Audio". Jmbarrie.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2010. ^ Birkin (2003), Introduction to the Yale Edition, pp. 291–293. ^ "Death of Sir J. M. Barrie. King Grieved at Loss of an Old Friend. Funeral on Thursday at Kirriemuil. "The End Was Peaceful"". The Glasgow Herald. 21 June 1937. p. 13. Retrieved 14 April 2018. ^ "Funeral of Sir J. M. Barrie. Thousands Assemble at Graveside "Thrums" pays its Last Respects. Distinguished Mourners and Many Tributes". The Glasgow Herald. 25 June 1937. p. 14. Retrieved 14 April 2018. ^ "National Trust for Scotland". National Trust for Scotland. Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ Ewing, William Annals of the Free Church; James Winter ^ Ewing, William Annals of the Free Church; William Winter ^ Baxter, Kenneth (29 March 2011). "J M Barrie and Rudyard Kipling". Archives Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee. University of Dundee. Retrieved 16 September 2016. ^ "New Chancellor. Installation of James Barrie". The Glasgow Herald. 24 October 1930. p. 13. Retrieved 20 February 2018. ^ "JM Barrie silver casket on show in Kirriemuir". The Scotsman. 12 September 2013. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. ^ Burke's Peerage. 1915. p. 193. ^ Carnival PR and Design. "The Barrie School". Barrie.org. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ^ J.M. Barrie's 150th Birthday, retrieved 7 May 2023 ^ Desk, OV Digital (7 May 2023). "9 May: Remembering J.M. Barrie on Birthday". Observer Voice. Retrieved 7 May 2023. ^ "A Lady's Shoe". www.fadedpage.com. ^ "Jess". www.fadedpage.com. ^ "Half an Hour". www.fadedpage.com. ^ "Half Hours". www.fadedpage.com. ^ "Der Tag". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "The New Word". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Rosy Rapture". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Real Thing at Last". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Shakespeare's Legacy". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "A Strange play". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Charwomen and the War or The Old Lady Shows Her Medals". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Dear Brutus". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "La Politesse". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "A Well-Remembered Voice". Retrieved 11 March 2023. ^ "Shall We Join the Ladies?". www.fadedpage.com. Further reading[edit] Craig, Cairns (1980), Fearful Selves: Character, Community and the Scottish Imagination, in Cencrastus No. 4, Winter 11980-81, pp. 29 – 32, ISSN 0264-0856 Shaw, Michael (ed.) (2020), A Friendship in Letters: Robert Louis Stevenson & J.M. Barrie, Sandstone Press, Inverness ISBN 978-1-913207-02-1 Archival collections[edit] J. M. Barrie Collection at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library J. M. Barrie Collection at the Harry Ransom Center External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Barrie. Wikiquote has quotations related to J. M. Barrie. Wikisource has original works by or about:J. M. Barrie Works by James Matthew Barrie at Faded Page (Canada) Works by or about J. M. Barrie at Internet Archive Works by J. M. Barrie at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Works by J. M. Barrie at Project Gutenberg Works by J. M. Barrie in eBook form at Standard Ebooks Peter Pan & Wendy Darling. 11 October 1911. (Peter Pan complete) J.M Barrie & 1909 Theatre Censorship Committee – UK Parliament Living Heritage JMbarrie.co.uk site authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, edited by Andrew Birkin, includes database of original photographs, letters, documents and audio interviews conducted by Birkin in 1975–76 Great Ormond Street Hospital's copyright claim Archived 11 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine "Why J. M. Barrie Created Peter Pan", Anthony Lane, The New Yorker, 22 November 2004 "J. M. Barrie and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" Archived 2 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine at The Chronicles of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (siracd.com) Audio recording of Barrie's short play The Will—Recording by professional actors at LostPlays.com Film of Barrie from 1922 as Rector of St Andrews with Ellen Terry J. M. Barrie at IMDb J. M. Barrie at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Plays by J. M. Barrie at the Great War Theatre website Academic offices Preceded byThe Earl Haig Rector of the University of St Andrews 1919–1922 Succeeded byRudyard Kipling Preceded byThe Earl of Balfour Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh 1930–1937 Succeeded byThe Lord Tweedsmuir Baronetage of the United Kingdom New creation Baronet(of Adelphi Terrace) 1913–1937 Extinct vteJ. M. Barrie's Peter PanUniverseCharacters Peter Pan Wendy Darling Captain Hook Mr. Smee Tinker Bell Disney version Tiger Lily Lost Boys Biographies The Lost Boys Finding Neverland Related Neverland Llewelyn Davies boys George Jack Peter Michael Peter Pan syndrome puer aeternus Peter Pan copyright Disney franchise Disney Fairies Tinker Bell cast Peter Pan (London statue) Peter Pan (Columbus, Ohio, statue) MediaLiteraryadaptationsOfficial books/plays The Little White Bird Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens Peter and Wendy (play, book) Peter Pan in Scarlet Starcatchers books Peter and the Starcatchers Peter and the Shadow Thieves Peter and the Secret of Rundoon Peter and the Sword of Mercy The Bridge to Never Land Never Land Books FilmadaptationsPeter Pan films Peter Pan (1924) Peter Pan (1988) Hook Neverland Peter Pan (2003) Pan Come Away Wendy The Lost Girls Disney's Peter Pan films Peter Pan (1953) Return to Never Land Peter Pan & Wendy Tinker Bell films Tinker Bell Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue Pixie Hollow Games Secret of the Wings Pixie Hollow Bake Off The Pirate Fairy Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast OtheradaptationsTelevision 1954 musical 1976 musical 1989 Animated Series Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates Jake and the Never Land Pirates Once Upon a Time Neverland Peter Pan Live! The New Adventures of Peter Pan Peter and Wendy Stage 1950 musical 1954 musical Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure Peter and the Starcatcher Peter Pan 360 Peter and Alice Peter Pan Goes Wrong Wendy & Peter Pan Disney's Peter Pan Jr. Finding Neverland (musical) Video games Peter Pan and the Pirates Hook Peter Pan: Adventures in Never Land Prose The Child Thief Graphic novels Peter Pank Lost Girls Marvel Fairy Tales Cheshire Crossing MusicAlbums Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust Songs "Lost Boy" (Ruth B song) Somewhere in Neverland "Peter Pan" (Kelsea Ballerini song) Attractions Disney on Ice Fantasmic! Peter Pan's Flight (ride) Pixie Hollow Allusions Never Never Land Category vteJ. M. Barrie's The Admirable CrichtonFilm adaptations The Admirable Crichton (1918) Male and Female (1919) Charlemagne (1933) We're Not Dressing (1934) The Admirable Crichton (1957) TV adaptations The Admirable Crichton (1950) The Admirable Crichton (1968) Musical adaptations Our Man Crichton (1964) vteRectors of the University of St AndrewsUniversity of St Andrews Sir Ralph Abercromby Anstruther, 4th Baronet Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet John Stuart Mill James Anthony Froude Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves Arthur Penrhyn Stanley Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne Sir Theodore Martin Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay Arthur Balfour Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute James Stuart Andrew Carnegie John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig Sir J. M. Barrie Rudyard Kipling Fridtjof Nansen Wilfred Grenfell Jan Smuts Guglielmo Marconi Robert MacGregor Mitchell, Lord MacGregor Mitchell Sir David Munro Sir George Cunningham David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby C. P. Snow Sir John Rothenstein Learie Constantine John Cleese Alan Coren Frank Muir Tim Brooke-Taylor Katharine Whitehorn Stanley Adams Nicholas Parsons Nicky Campbell Donald Findlay Andrew Neil Sir Clement Freud Simon Pepper Kevin Dunion Alistair Moffat Catherine Stihler Srđa Popović Leyla Hussein Stella Maris Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF National Norway Chile Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Finland Belgium United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Greece 2 Korea Croatia Netherlands Poland Portugal Russia 2 Vatican Academics CiNii Artists MusicBrainz Photographers' Identities RKD Artists ULAN People Deutsche Biographie Trove Other SNAC IdRef

Peter Pan         Peter Pan and Wendy

Chapter 1 PETER BREAKS THROUGH
All children, except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew was this. One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden, and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother. I suppose she must have looked rather delightful, for Mrs. Darling put her hand to her heart and cried, "Oh, why can't you remain like this for ever!" This was all that passed between them on the subject, but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up. You always know after you are two. Two is the beginning of the end.
Of course they lived at 14 [their house number on their street], and until Wendy came her mother was the chief one. She was a lovely lady, with a romantic mind and such a sweet mocking mouth. Her romantic mind was like the tiny boxes, one within the other, that come from the puzzling East, however many you discover there is always one more; and her sweet mocking mouth had one kiss on it that Wendy could never get, though there it was, perfectly conspicuous in the right-hand corner.
The way Mr. Darling won her was this: the many gentlemen who had been boys when she was a girl discovered simultaneously that they loved her, and they all ran to her house to propose to her except Mr. Darling, who took a cab and nipped in first, and so he got her. He got all of her, except the innermost box and the kiss. He never knew about the box, and in time he gave up trying for the kiss. Wendy thought Napoleon could have got it, but I can picture him trying, and then going off in a passion, slamming the door.
Mr. Darling used to boast to Wendy that her mother not only loved him but respected him. He was one of those deep ones who know about stocks and shares. Of course no one really knows, but he quite seemed to know, and he often said stocks were up and shares were down in a way that would have made any woman respect him.
Mrs. Darling was married in white, and at first she kept the books perfectly, almost gleefully, as if it were a game, not so much as a Brussels sprout was missing; but by and by whole cauliflowers dropped out, and instead of them there were pictures of babies without faces. She drew them when she should have been totting up. They were Mrs. Darling's guesses.
Wendy came first, then John, then Michael. For a week or two after Wendy came it was doubtful whether they would be able to keep her, as she was another mouth to feed. Mr. Darling was frightfully proud of her, but he was very honourable, and he sat on the edge of Mrs. Darling's bed, holding her hand and calculating expenses, while she looked at him imploringly. She wanted to risk it, come what might, but that was not his way; his way was with a pencil and a piece of paper, and if she confused him with suggestions he had to begin at the beginning again.
"Now don't interrupt," he would beg of her. "I have one pound seventeen here, and two and six at the office; I can cut off my coffee at the office, say ten shillings, making two nine and six, with your eighteen and three makes three nine seven, with five naught naught in my cheque-book makes eight nine seven-who is that moving?-eight nine seven, dot and carry seven-don't speak, my own-and the pound you lent to that man who came to the door-quiet, child-dot and carry child-there, you've done it!-did I say nine nine seven? yes, I said nine nine seven; the question is, can we try it for a year on nine nine seven?"
"Of course we can, George," she cried. But she was prejudiced in Wendy's favour, and he was really the grander character of the two. "Remember mumps," he warned her almost threateningly, and off he went again. "Mumps one pound, that is what I have put down, but I daresay it will be more like thirty shillings-don't speak-measles one five, German measles half a guinea, makes two fifteen six-don't waggle your finger-whooping-cough, say fifteen shillings"-and so on it went, and it added up differently each time; but at last Wendy just got through, with mumps reduced to twelve six, and the two kinds of measles treated as one.
There was the same excitement over John, and Michael had even a narrower squeak; but both were kept, and soon, you might have seen the three of them going in a row to Miss Fulsom's Kindergarten school, accompanied by their nurse.
Mrs. Darling loved to have everything just so, and Mr. Darling had a passion for being exactly like his neighbours; so, of course, they had a nurse. As they were poor, owing to the amount of milk the children drank, this nurse was a prim Newfoundland dog, called Nana, who had belonged to no one in particular until the Darlings engaged her. She had always thought children important, however, and the Darlings had become acquainted with her in Kensington Gardens, where she spent most of her spare time peeping into perambulators, and was much hated by careless nursemaids, whom she followed to their homes and complained of to their mistresses. She proved to be quite a treasure of a nurse. How thorough she was at bath-time, and up at any moment of the night if one of her charges made the slightest cry. Of course her kennel was in the nursery. She had a genius for knowing when a cough is a thing to have no patience with and when it needs stocking around your throat. She believed to her last day in old-fashioned remedies like rhubarb leaf, and made sounds of contempt over all this new-fangled talk about germs, and so on. It was a lesson in propriety to see her escorting the children to school, walking sedately by their side when they were well behaved, and butting them back into line if they strayed. On John's footer [in England soccer was called football, "footer" for short] days she never once forgot his sweater, and she usually carried an umbrella in her mouth in case of rain. There is a room in the basement of Miss Fulsom's school where the nurses wait. They sat on forms, while Nana lay on the floor, but that was the only difference. They affected to ignore her as of an inferior social status to themselves, and she despised their light talk. She resented visits to the nursery from Mrs. Darling's friends, but if they did come she first whipped off Michael's pinafore and put him into the one with blue braiding, and smoothed out Wendy and made a dash at John's hair.
No nursery could possibly have been conducted more correctly, and Mr. Darling knew it, yet he sometimes wondered uneasily whether the neighbours talked. He had his position in the city to consider.
Nana also troubled him in another way. He had sometimes a feeling that she did not admire him. "I know she admires you tremendously, George," Mrs. Darling would assure him, and then she would sign to the children to be specially nice to father. Lovely dances followed, in which the only other servant, Liza, was sometimes allowed to join. Such a midget she looked in her long skirt and maid's cap, though she had sworn, when engaged, that she would never see ten again. The gaiety of those romps! And gayest of all was Mrs. Darling, who would pirouette so wildly that all you could see of her was the kiss, and then if you had dashed at her you might have got it. There never was a simpler happier family until the coming of Peter Pan.
Mrs. Darling first heard of Peter when she was tidying up her children's minds. It is the nightly custom of every good mother after her children are asleep to rummage in their minds and put things straight for next morning, repacking into their proper places the many articles that have wandered during the day. If you could keep awake (but of course you can't) you would see your own mother doing this, and you would find it very interesting to watch her. It is quite like tidying up drawers. You would see her on her knees, I expect, lingering humorously over some of your contents, wondering where on earth you had picked this thing up, making discoveries sweet and not so sweet, pressing this to her cheek as if it were as nice as a kitten, and hurriedly stowing that out of sight. When you wake in the morning, the naughtiness and evil passions with which you went to bed have been folded up small and placed at the bottom of your mind and on the top, beautifully aired, are spread out your prettier thoughts, ready for you to put on.
I don't know whether you have ever seen a map of a person's mind. Doctors sometimes draw maps of other parts of you, and your own map can become intensely interesting, but catch them trying to draw a map of a child's mind, which is not only confused, but keeps going round all the time. There are zigzag lines on it, just like your temperature on a card, and these are probably roads in the island, for the Neverland is always more or less an island, with astonishing splashes of colour here and there, and coral reefs and rakish-looking craft in the offing, and savages and lonely lairs, and gnomes who are mostly tailors, and caves through which a river runs, and princes with six elder brothers, and a hut fast going to decay, and one very small old lady with a hooked nose. It would be an easy map if that were all, but there is also first day at school, religion, fathers, the round pond, needle-work, murders, hangings, verbs that take the dative, chocolate pudding day, getting into braces, say ninety-nine, three-pence for pulling out your tooth yourself, and so on, and either these are part of the island or they are another map showing through, and it is all rather confusing, especially as nothing will stand still.
Of course the Neverlands vary a good deal. John's, for instance, had a lagoon with flamingoes flying over it at which John was shooting, while Michael, who was very small, had a flamingo with lagoons flying over it. John lived in a boat turned upside down on the sands, Michael in a wigwam, Wendy in a house of leaves deftly sewn together. John had no friends, Michael had friends at night, Wendy had a pet wolf forsaken by its parents, but on the whole the Neverlands have a family resemblance, and if they stood still in a row you could say of them that they have each other's nose, and so forth. On these magic shores children at play are for ever beaching their coracles [simple boat]. We too have been there; we can still hear the sound of the surf, though we shall land no more.
Of all delectable islands the Neverland is the snuggest and most compact, not large and sprawly, you know, with tedious distances between one adventure and another, but nicely crammed. When you play at it by day with the chairs and table-cloth, it is not in the least alarming, but in the two minutes before you go to sleep it becomes very real. That is why there are night-lights.
Occasionally in her travels through her children's minds Mrs. Darling found things she could not understand, and of these quite the most perplexing was the word Peter. She knew of no Peter, and yet he was here and there in John and Michael's minds, while Wendy's began to be scrawled all over with him. The name stood out in bolder letters than any of the other words, and as Mrs. Darling gazed she felt that it had an oddly cocky appearance.
"Yes, he is rather cocky," Wendy admitted with regret. Her mother had been questioning her. "But who is he, my pet?"
"He is Peter Pan, you know, mother." At first Mrs. Darling did not know, but after thinking back into her childhood she just remembered a Peter Pan who was said to live with the fairies. There were odd stories about him, as that when children died he went part of the way with them, so that they should not be frightened. She had believed in him at the time, but now that she was married and full of sense she quite doubted whether there was any such person.
"Besides," she said to Wendy, "he would be grown up by this time." "Oh no, he isn't grown up," Wendy assured her confidently, "and he is just my size." She meant that he was her size in both mind and body; she didn't know how she knew, she just knew it.
Mrs. Darling consulted Mr. Darling, but he smiled pooh-pooh. "Mark my words," he said, "it is some nonsense Nana has been putting into their heads; just the sort of idea a dog would have. Leave it alone, and it will blow over."
But it would not blow over and soon the troublesome boy gave Mrs. Darling quite a shock. Children have the strangest adventures without being troubled by them. For instance, they may remember to mention, a week after the event happened, that when they were in the wood they had met their dead father and had a game with him. It was in this casual way that Wendy one morning made a disquieting revelation. Some leaves of a tree had been found on the nursery floor, which certainly were not there when the children went to bed, and Mrs. Darling was puzzling over them when Wendy said with a tolerant smile:
"I do believe it is that Peter again!" "Whatever do you mean, Wendy?" "It is so naughty of him not to wipe his feet," Wendy said, sighing. She was a tidy child.
She explained in quite a matter-of-fact way that she thought Peter sometimes came to the nursery in the night and sat on the foot of her bed and played on his pipes to her. Unfortunately she never woke, so she didn't know how she knew, she just knew.
"What nonsense you talk, precious. No one can get into the house without knocking." "I think he comes in by the window," she said. "My love, it is three floors up."
"Were not the leaves at the foot of the window, mother?" It was quite true; the leaves had been found very near the window.
Mrs. Darling did not know what to think, for it all seemed so natural to Wendy that you could not dismiss it by saying she had been dreaming. "My child," the mother cried, "why did you not tell me of this before?"
"I forgot," said Wendy lightly. She was in a hurry to get her breakfast. Oh, surely she must have been dreaming.
But, on the other hand, there were the leaves. Mrs. Darling examined them very carefully; they were skeleton leaves, but she was sure they did not come from any tree that grew in England. She crawled about the floor, peering at it with a candle for marks of a strange foot. She rattled the poker up the chimney and tapped the walls. She let down a tape from the window to the pavement, and it was a sheer drop of thirty feet, without so much as a spout to climb up by.
Certainly Wendy had been dreaming. But Wendy had not been dreaming, as the very next night showed, the night on which the extraordinary adventures of these children may be said to have begun.
On the night we speak of all the children were once more in bed. It happened to be Nana's evening off, and Mrs. Darling had bathed them and sung to them till one by one they had let go her hand and slid away into the land of sleep.
All were looking so safe and cosy that she smiled at her fears now and sat down tranquilly by the fire to sew. It was something for Michael, who on his birthday was getting into shirts. The fire was warm, however, and the nursery dimly lit by three night-lights, and presently the sewing lay on Mrs. Darling's lap. Then her head nodded, oh, so gracefully. She was asleep. Look at the four of them, Wendy and Michael over there, John here, and Mrs. Darling by the fire. There should have been a fourth night-light.
While she slept she had a dream. She dreamt that the Neverland had come too near and that a strange boy had broken through from it. He did not alarm her, for she thought she had seen him before in the faces of many women who have no children. Perhaps he is to be found in the faces of some mothers also. But in her dream he had rent the film that obscures the Neverland, and she saw Wendy and John and Michael peeping through the gap.
The dream by itself would have been a trifle, but while she was dreaming the window of the nursery blew open, and a boy did drop on the floor. He was accompanied by a strange light, no bigger than your fist, which darted about the room like a living thing and I think it must have been this light that wakened Mrs. Darling.
She started up with a cry, and saw the boy, and somehow she knew at once that he was Peter Pan. If you or I or Wendy had been there we should have seen that he was very like Mrs. Darling's kiss. He was a lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of trees but the most entrancing thing about him was that he had all his first teeth. When he saw she was a grown-up, he gnashed the little pearls at her.
Chapter 12 THE CHILDREN ARE CARRIED OFF
The pirate attack had been a complete surprise: a sure proof that the unscrupulous Hook had conducted it improperly, for to surprise redskins fairly is beyond the wit of the white man. By all the unwritten laws of savage warfare it is always the redskin who attacks, and with the wiliness of his race he does it just before the dawn, at which time he knows the courage of the whites to be at its lowest ebb. The white men have in the meantime made a rude stockade on the summit of yonder undulating ground, at the foot of which a stream runs, for it is destruction to be too far from water. There they await the onslaught, the inexperienced ones clutching their revolvers and treading on twigs, but the old hands sleeping tranquilly until just before the dawn. Through the long black night the savage scouts wriggle, snake-like, among the grass without stirring a blade. The brushwood closes behind them, as silently as sand into which a mole has dived. Not a sound is to be heard, save when they give vent to a wonderful imitation of the lonely call of the coyote. The cry is answered by other braves; and some of them do it even better than the coyotes, who are not very good at it. So the chill hours wear on, and the long suspense is horribly trying to the paleface who has to live through it for the first time; but to the trained hand those ghastly calls and still ghastlier silences are but an intimation of how the night is marching.
That this was the usual procedure was so well known to Hook that in disregarding it he cannot be excused on the plea of ignorance. The Piccaninnies, on their part, trusted implicitly to his honour, and their whole action of the night stands out in marked contrast to his. They left nothing undone that was consistent with the reputation of their tribe. With that alertness of the senses which is at once the marvel and despair of civilised peoples, they knew that the pirates were on the island from the moment one of them trod on a dry stick; and in an incredibly short space of time the coyote cries began. Every foot of ground between the spot where Hook had landed his forces and the home under the trees was stealthily examined by braves wearing their mocassins with the heels in front. They found only one hillock with a stream at its base, so that Hook had no choice; here he must establish himself and wait for just before the dawn. Everything being thus mapped out with almost diabolical cunning, the main body of the redskins folded their blankets around them, and in the phlegmatic manner that is to them, the pearl of manhood squatted above the children's home, awaiting the cold moment when they should deal pale death.
Here dreaming, though wide-awake, of the exquisite tortures to which they were to put him at break of day, those confiding savages were found by the treacherous Hook. From the accounts afterwards supplied by such of the scouts as escaped the carnage, he does not seem even to have paused at the rising ground, though it is certain that in that grey light he must have seen it: no thought of waiting to be attacked appears from first to last to have visited his subtle mind; he would not even hold off till the night was nearly spent; on he pounded with no policy but to fall to [get into combat]. What could the bewildered scouts do, masters as they were of every war-like artifice save this one, but trot helplessly after him, exposing themselves fatally to view, while they gave pathetic utterance to the coyote cry.
Around the brave Tiger Lily were a dozen of her stoutest warriors, and they suddenly saw the perfidious pirates bearing down upon them. Fell from their eyes then the film through which they had looked at victory. No more would they torture at the stake. For them the happy hunting-grounds was now. They knew it; but as their father's sons they acquitted themselves. Even then they had time to gather in a phalanx [dense formation] that would have been hard to break had they risen quickly, but this they were forbidden to do by the traditions of their race. It is written that the noble savage must never express surprise in the presence of the white. Thus terrible as the sudden appearance of the pirates must have been to them, they remained stationary for a moment, not a muscle moving; as if the foe had come by invitation. Then, indeed, the tradition gallantly upheld, they seized their weapons, and the air was torn with the war-cry; but it was now too late.
It is no part of ours to describe what was a massacre rather than a fight. Thus perished many of the flower of the Piccaninny tribe. Not all unavenged did they die, for with Lean Wolf fell Alf Mason, to disturb the Spanish Main no more, and among others who bit the dust were Geo. Scourie, Chas. Turley, and the Alsatian Foggerty. Turley fell to the tomahawk of the terrible Panther, who ultimately cut a way through the pirates with Tiger Lily and a small remnant of the tribe.
To what extent Hook is to blame for his tactics on this occasion is for the historian to decide. Had he waited on the rising ground till the proper hour he and his men would probably have been butchered; and in judging him it is only fair to take this into account. What he should perhaps have done was to acquaint his opponents that he proposed to follow a new method. On the other hand, this, as destroying the element of surprise, would have made his strategy of no avail, so that the whole question is beset with difficulties. One cannot at least withhold a reluctant admiration for the wit that had conceived so bold a scheme, and the fell [deadly] genius with which it was carried out.
What were his own feelings about himself at that triumphant moment? Fain [gladly] would his dogs have known, as breathing heavily and wiping their cutlasses, they gathered at a discreet distance from his hook, and squinted through their ferret eyes at this extraordinary man. Elation must have been in his heart, but his face did not reflect it: ever a dark and solitary enigma, he stood aloof from his followers in spirit as in substance.
The night's work was not yet over, for it was not the redskins he had come out to destroy; they were but the bees to be smoked, so that he should get at the honey. It was Pan he wanted, Pan and Wendy and their band, but chiefly Pan. Peter was such a small boy that one tends to wonder at the man's hatred of him. True he had flung Hook's arm to the crocodile, but even this and the increased insecurity of life to which it led, owing to the crocodile's pertinacity [persistance], hardly account for a vindictiveness so relentless and malignant. The truth is that there was a something about Peter which goaded the pirate captain to frenzy. It was not his courage, it was not his engaging appearance, it was not-. There is no beating about the bush, for we know quite well what it was, and have got to tell. It was Peter's cockiness.
This had got on Hook's nerves; it made his iron claw twitch, and at night it disturbed him like an insect. While Peter lived, the tortured man felt that he was a lion in a cage into which a sparrow had come. The question now was how to get down the trees, or how to get his dogs down? He ran his greedy eyes over them, searching for the thinnest ones. They wriggled uncomfortably, for they knew he would not scruple [hesitate] to ram them down with poles.
In the meantime, what of the boys? We have seen them at the first clang of the weapons, turned as it were into stone figures, open-mouthed, all appealing with outstretched arms to Peter; and we return to them as their mouths close, and their arms fall to their sides. The pandemonium above has ceased almost as suddenly as it arose, passed like a fierce gust of wind; but they know that in the passing it has determined their fate.
Which side had won? The pirates, listening avidly at the mouths of the trees, heard the question put by every boy, and alas, they also heard Peter's answer. "If the redskins have won," he said, "they will beat the tom-tom; it is always their sign of victory."
Now Smee had found the tom-tom, and was at that moment sitting on it. "You will never hear the tom-tom again," he muttered, but inaudibly of course, for strict silence had been enjoined [urged]. To his amazement Hook signed him to beat the tom-tom, and slowly there came to Smee an understanding of the dreadful wickedness of the order. Never, probably, had this simple man admired Hook so much.
Twice Smee beat upon the instrument, and then stopped to listen gleefully. "The tom-tom," the miscreants heard Peter cry; "an Indian victory!" The doomed children answered with a cheer that was music to the black hearts above, and almost immediately they repeated their good-byes to Peter. This puzzled the pirates, but all their other feelings were swallowed by a base delight that the enemy were about to come up the trees. They smirked at each other and rubbed their hands. Rapidly and silently Hook gave his orders: one man to each tree, and the others to arrange themselves in a line two yards apart.

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Word Lists:

Cocky : conceited or arrogant, especially in a bold or impudent way

Nursery : a room in a house for the special use of young children.

Vindictiveness :

Gleefully : in an exuberantly or triumphantly joyful manner

Pirouette : an act of spinning on one foot, typically with the raised foot touching the knee of the supporting leg.

Measles : an infectious viral disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin, typically occurring in childhood

Pinafore : a sleeveless apron-like garment worn over a young girl's dress, typically having ties or buttons at the back.

Pandemonium : wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar

Imploringly :

Phlegmatic : (of a person) having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition

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Additional Information:

Rating: B Words in the Passage: 4788 Unique Words: 1,314 Sentences: 253
Noun: 1196 Conjunction: 491 Adverb: 362 Interjection: 10
Adjective: 278 Pronoun: 525 Verb: 909 Preposition: 555
Letter Count: 19,997 Sentiment: Positive / Positive / Positive Tone: Neutral (Slightly Conversational) Difficult Words: 762
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