Dracula's Guest

- By Bram Stoker
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Irish novelist and short story writer (1847–1912) Bram StokerStoker c. 1906BornAbraham Stoker(1847-11-08)8 November 1847Clontarf, Dublin, IrelandDied20 April 1912(1912-04-20) (aged 64)Pimlico, London, EnglandOccupationNovelistAlma materTrinity College DublinPeriodVictorian era, Edwardian eraGenreGothic fiction, romantic fictionLiterary movementDark romanticismNotable worksDraculaSpouse Florence Balcombe ​(m. 1878)​Children1Signature Abraham Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author who is best known for writing the 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula. During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Sir Henry Irving and business manager of the West End's Lyceum Theatre, which Irving owned. In his early years, Stoker worked as a theatre critic for an Irish newspaper, and wrote stories as well as commentaries. He also enjoyed travelling, particularly to Cruden Bay in Scotland where he set two of his novels. During another visit to the English coastal town of Whitby, Stoker drew inspiration for writing Dracula. He died on 20 April 1912 due to locomotor ataxia and was cremated in north London. Since his death, his magnum opus Dracula has become one of the best-known works in English literature, and the novel has been adapted for numerous films, short stories, and plays.[1] Early life[edit] Stoker was born on 8 November 1847 at 15 Marino Crescent, Clontarf in Dublin, Ireland.[2] The park adjacent to the house is now known as Bram Stoker Park.[3] His parents were Abraham Stoker (1799–1876) from Dublin and Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (1818–1901), who was raised in County Sligo.[4] Stoker was the third of seven children, the eldest of whom was Sir Thornley Stoker, 1st Baronet[5] Abraham and Charlotte were members of the Church of Ireland Parish of Clontarf and attended the parish church with their children, who were baptised there.[6] Abraham was a senior civil servant. Stoker was bedridden with an unknown illness until he started school at the age of seven, when he made a complete recovery. Of this time, Stoker wrote, "I was naturally thoughtful, and the leisure of long illness gave opportunity for many thoughts which were fruitful according to their kind in later years." He was privately educated at Bective House school run by the Reverend (William Woods).[7][8] After his recovery, he grew up without further serious illnesses, even excelling as an athlete at Trinity College, Dublin, which he attended from 1864 to 1870. He graduated with a BA in 1870, and paid to receive his MA in 1875. Though he later in life recalled graduating "with honours in mathematics", this appears to have been a mistake.[9] He was named University Athlete, participating in multiple sports, including playing rugby for Dublin University. He was auditor of the College Historical Society (the Hist) and president of the University Philosophical Society (he remains the only student in Trinity's history to hold both positions), where his first paper was on Sensationalism in Fiction and Society. Early career[edit] Bram Stoker's former home featuring a commemorative plaque, Kildare Street, Dublin Stoker became interested in the theatre while a student through his friend Dr. Maunsell. While working for the Irish Civil Service, he became the theatre critic for the Dublin Evening Mail,[10] which was co-owned by Sheridan Le Fanu, an author of Gothic tales. Theatre critics were held in low esteem at the time, but Stoker attracted notice by the quality of his reviews. In December 1876, he gave a favourable review of Henry Irving's Hamlet at the Theatre Royal in Dublin. Irving invited Stoker for dinner at the Shelbourne Hotel where he was staying, and they became friends. Stoker also wrote stories, and "Crystal Cup" was published by the London Society in 1872, followed by "The Chain of Destiny" in four parts in The Shamrock. In 1876, while a civil servant in Dublin, Stoker wrote the non-fiction book The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (published 1879), which remained a standard work.[7] Furthermore, he possessed an interest in art and was a founder of the Dublin Sketching Club in 1879. Lyceum Theatre[edit] Stoker's residence at 18 St Leonard's Terrace, Chelsea, LondonBlue plaque at the address In 1878, Stoker married Florence Balcombe, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel James Balcombe of 1 Marino Crescent. She was a celebrated beauty whose former suitor had been Oscar Wilde.[11] Stoker had known Wilde from his student days, having proposed him for membership of the university's Philosophical Society while he was president. Wilde was upset at Florence's decision, but Stoker later resumed the acquaintanceship, and, after Wilde's fall, visited him on the Continent.[12] The Stokers moved to London, where Stoker became acting manager and then business manager of Irving's Lyceum Theatre in the West End, a post he held for 27 years.[13] On 31 December 1879, Bram and Florence's only child was born, a son whom they christened Irving Noel Thornley Stoker. The collaboration with Henry Irving was important for Stoker and through him, he became involved in London's high society, where he met James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (to whom he was distantly related). Working for Irving, the most famous actor of his time, and managing one of the most successful theatres in London made Stoker a notable if busy man. He was dedicated to Irving and his memoirs show he idolised him. In London, Stoker also met Hall Caine, who became one of his closest friends – he dedicated Dracula to him. In the course of Irving's tours, Stoker travelled the world, although he never visited Eastern Europe, a setting for his most famous novel. Stoker enjoyed the United States, where Irving was popular. With Irving he was invited twice to the White House, and knew William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Stoker set two of his novels in America, and used Americans as characters, the most notable being Quincey Morris. He also met one of his literary idols, Walt Whitman, having written to him in 1872 an extraordinary letter[14] that some have interpreted as the expression of a deeply-suppressed homosexuality.[15][16] Bram Stoker in Cruden Bay[edit] Slains Castle, Cruden Bay. The early chapters of Dracula were written in Cruden Bay, and Slains Castle possibly provided visual inspiration for Bram Stoker during the writing phase. Stoker was a regular visitor to Cruden Bay in Scotland between 1892 and 1910. His month-long holidays to the Aberdeenshire coastal village provided a large portion of available time for writing his books. Two novels were set in Cruden Bay: The Watter's Mou' (1895) and The Mystery of the Sea (1902). He started writing Dracula there in 1895 while in residence at the Kilmarnock Arms Hotel. The guest book with his signatures from 1894 and 1895 still survives. The nearby Slains Castle (also known as New Slains Castle) is linked with Bram Stoker and plausibly provided the visual palette for the descriptions of Castle Dracula during the writing phase. A distinctive room in Slains Castle, the octagonal hall, matches the description of the octagonal room in Castle Dracula.[17] Writings[edit] Commemorative plaque in Whitby, North Yorkshire, the English coastal town frequented by Stoker, and where Count Dracula comes ashore in Dracula Stoker visited the English coastal town of Whitby in 1890, and that visit was said to be part of the inspiration for Dracula.[18] Count Dracula comes ashore at Whitby, and in the shape of a black dog runs up the 199 steps to the graveyard of St Mary's Church in the shadow of the Whitby Abbey ruins.[19] Stoker began writing novels while working as manager for Irving and secretary and director of London's Lyceum Theatre, beginning with The Snake's Pass in 1890 and Dracula in 1897. During this period, he was part of the literary staff of The Daily Telegraph in London, and he wrote other fiction, including the horror novels The Lady of the Shroud (1909) and The Lair of the White Worm (1911).[20] He published his Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving in 1906, after Irving's death, which proved successful,[7] and managed productions at the Prince of Wales Theatre. Before writing Dracula, Stoker met Ármin Vámbéry, a Hungarian-Jewish writer and traveller (born in Szent-György, Kingdom of Hungary now Svätý Jur, Slovakia). Dracula likely emerged from Vámbéry's dark stories of the Carpathian mountains.[21] However this claim has been challenged by many including Elizabeth Miller, a professor who, since 1990, has had as her major field of research and writing Dracula, and its author, sources, and influences. She has stated, “The only comment about the subject matter of the talk was that Vambery 'spoke loudly against Russian aggression.'" There had been nothing in their conversations about the "tales of the terrible Dracula" that are supposed to have "inspired Stoker to equate his vampire-protagonist with the long-dead tyrant." At any rate, by this time, Stoker's novel was well underway, and he was already using the name Dracula for his vampire.[22] Stoker then spent several years researching Central and East European folklore and mythological stories of vampires. The 1972 book In Search of Dracula by Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally claimed that the Count in Stoker's novel was based on Vlad III Dracula.[23] However, according to Elizabeth Miller, Stoker borrowed only the name and "scraps of miscellaneous information" about Romanian history; further, there are no comments about Vlad III in the author's working notes.[24][25][26] The first edition cover of Dracula Dracula is an epistolary novel, written as a collection of realistic but completely fictional diary entries, telegrams, letters, ship's logs, and newspaper clippings, all of which added a level of detailed realism to the story, a skill which Stoker had developed as a newspaper writer. At the time of its publication, Dracula was considered a "straightforward horror novel" based on imaginary creations of supernatural life.[20] "It gave form to a universal fantasy ... and became a part of popular culture."[20] According to the Encyclopedia of World Biography, Stoker's stories are today included in the categories of horror fiction, romanticized Gothic stories, and melodrama.[20] They are classified alongside other works of popular fiction, such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which also used the myth-making and story-telling method of having multiple narrators telling the same tale from different perspectives. According to historian Jules Zanger, this leads the reader to the assumption that "they can't all be lying".[27] The original 541-page typescript of Dracula was believed to have been lost until it was found in a barn in northwestern Pennsylvania in the early 1980s.[28] It consisted of typed sheets with many emendations, and handwritten on the title page was "THE UN-DEAD." The author's name was shown at the bottom as Bram Stoker. Author Robert Latham remarked: "the most famous horror novel ever published, its title changed at the last minute."[29] The typescript was purchased by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. Stoker's inspirations for the story, in addition to Whitby, may have included a visit to Slains Castle in Aberdeenshire, a visit to the crypts of St. Michan's Church in Dublin, and the novella Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu.[30] Stoker's original research notes for the novel are kept by the Rosenbach Museum and Library in Philadelphia. A facsimile edition of the notes was created by Elizabeth Miller and Robert Eighteen-Bisang in 1998. Stoker at The London Library[edit] Stoker was a member of The London Library and conducted much of the research for Dracula there.[31] In 2018, the Library discovered some of the books that Stoker used for his research, complete with notes and marginalia.[32] Death[edit] Shared urn which contains Stoker's and his son's ashes in Golders Green Crematorium After suffering a number of strokes, Stoker died at No. 26 St George's Square, London on 20 April 1912.[33] Some biographers attribute the cause of death to overwork,[34] others to tertiary syphilis.[35] His death certificate listed the cause of death as "Locomotor ataxia 6 months", presumed to be a reference to syphilis.[36][37] He was cremated, and his ashes were placed in a display urn at Golders Green Crematorium in north London. The ashes of Irving Noel Stoker, the author's son, were added to his father's urn following his death in 1961. The original plan had been to keep his parents' ashes together, but after Florence Stoker's death, her ashes were scattered at the Gardens of Rest. His ashes are still stored in Golders Green Crematorium today. Beliefs and philosophy[edit] Stoker was raised a Protestant in the Church of Ireland. He was a strong supporter of the Liberal Party and took a keen interest in Irish affairs.[7] As a "philosophical home ruler", he supported Home Rule for Ireland brought about by peaceful means. He remained an ardent monarchist who believed that Ireland should remain within the British Empire, an entity that he saw as a force for good. He was an admirer of Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, whom he knew personally, and supported his plans for Ireland.[38] Stoker believed in progress and took a keen interest in science and science-based medicine. Some of Stoker's novels represent early examples of science fiction, such as The Lady of the Shroud (1909). He had a writer's interest in the occult, notably mesmerism, but despised fraud and believed in the superiority of the scientific method over superstition. Stoker counted among his friends J. W. Brodie-Innis, a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and hired member Pamela Colman Smith as an artist for the Lyceum Theatre, but no evidence suggests that Stoker ever joined the Order himself.[39][40][41] Although Irving was an active Freemason, no evidence has been found of Stoker taking part in Masonic activities in London.[42] The Grand Lodge of Ireland also has no record of his membership.[43] Posthumous[edit] The short story collection Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories was published in 1914 by Stoker's widow, Florence Stoker, who was also his literary executrix. The first film adaptation of Dracula was F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu, released in 1922, with Max Schreck starring as Count Orlok. Florence Stoker eventually sued the filmmakers, and was represented by the attorneys of the British Incorporated Society of Authors. Her chief legal complaint was that she had neither been asked for permission for the adaptation nor paid any royalty. The case dragged on for some years, with Mrs. Stoker demanding the destruction of the negative and all prints of the film. The suit was finally resolved in the widow's favour in July 1925. A single print of the film survived, however, and it has become well known. The first authorised film version of Dracula did not come about until almost a decade later when Universal Studios released Tod Browning's Dracula starring Bela Lugosi. Dacre Stoker[edit] Canadian writer Dacre Stoker, a great-grandnephew of Bram Stoker, decided to write "a sequel that bore the Stoker name" to "reestablish creative control over" the original novel, with encouragement from screenwriter Ian Holt, because of the Stokers' frustrating history with Dracula's copyright. In 2009, Dracula: The Un-Dead was released, written by Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt. Both writers "based [their work] on Bram Stoker's own handwritten notes for characters and plot threads excised from the original edition" along with their own research for the sequel. This also marked Dacre Stoker's writing debut.[44][45] In spring 2012, Dacre Stoker (in collaboration with Elizabeth Miller) presented the "lost" Dublin Journal written by Bram Stoker, which had been kept by his great-grandson Noel Dobbs. Stoker's diary entries shed a light on the issues that concerned him before his London years. A remark about a boy who caught flies in a bottle might be a clue for the later development of the Renfield character in Dracula.[46] Commemorations[edit] On 8 November 2012, Stoker was honoured with a Google Doodle on Google's homepage commemorating the 165th anniversary of his birth.[47][48] An annual festival takes place in Dublin, the birthplace of Bram Stoker, in honour of his literary achievements. The 2014 Bram Stoker Festival encompassed literary, film, family, street, and outdoor events, and ran from October 24 to 27 in Dublin.[49][50] The festival is supported by the Bram Stoker Estate[51] and funded by Dublin City Council and Fáilte Ireland. Bibliography[edit] Novels[edit] The Primrose Path (1875) The Chain of Destiny (novella) (1875) The Snake's Pass (1890) The Fate of Fenella (consecutive novel, chapter 10) (1891–1892) The Watter's Mou' (1895) The Shoulder of Shasta (1895) Dracula (1897) Miss Betty (1898) The Mystery of the Sea (1902) The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903, revised 1912) The Man (1905); issued also as The Gates of Life Lady Athlyne (1908) The Lady of the Shroud (1909) The Lair of the White Worm (1911, posthumously abridged 1925); issued also as The Garden of Evil Seven Golden Buttons (written in 1891, much material reused in Miss Betty; posthumously published in 2015)[52] Short story collections[edit] Under the Sunset (1881) – eight fairy tales for children Snowbound: The Record of a Theatrical Touring Party (1908) Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories (1914) Uncollected stories[edit] Title Date of earliest appearance Earliest appearance Novelisation "The Crystal Cup" September 1872 London Society (London) "Buried Treasures" 13 March 1875 and 20 March 1875 The Shamrock (Dublin) "The Chain of Destiny" 1 May 1875 and 22 May 1875 The Shamrock (Dublin) "The Dualitists; or, The Death Doom of the Double Born" 1887 The Theatre Annual (London) "The Gombeen Man" 1889–1890 The People (London) Chapter 3 of The Snake's Pass "Lucky Escapes of Sir Henry Irving" 1890 "The Night of the Shifting Bog" January 1891 Current Literature: A Magazine of Record and Review, Vol. VI, No. 1. (New York) "Lord Castleton Explains" 30 January 1892 The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen (London) Chapter 10 of The Fate of Fenella (Hutchinson, 1892) "Old Hoggen: A Mystery" 1893 "The Man from Shorrox" February 1894 The Pall Mall Magazine (London) "The Red Stockade" September 1894 The Cosmopolitan: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine (London) "When the Sky Rains Gold" 26 August and 2 September 1894 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper (London) "At the Watter's Mou': Between Duty and Love" November 1895 Current Literature: A Magazine of Record and Review, Vol. XVIII, No. 5. (New York) Part of Chapter 2 of The Watter's Mou' "Our New House" 20 December 1895 The Theatre Annual (London) "Bengal Roses" 17 and 24 July 1898 Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper "A Yellow Duster" 7 May 1899 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper "A Young Widow" 1899 "A Baby Passenger" 9 February 1899 Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper "The Seer" 1902 The Mystery of the Sea (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.) Chapters 1 and 2 of The Mystery of the Sea "The Bridal of Death" 1903 The Jewel of the Seven Stars (London: William Heinemann) Alternate ending to The Jewel of Seven Stars "What They Confessed: A Low Comedian's Story" 1908 "The Way of Peace" 1909 Everybody's Story Magazine (London) "The 'Eroes of the Thames" October 1908 The Royal Magazine (London) "Greater Love" October 1914 The London Magazine (London) Non-fiction[edit] The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (1879) A Glimpse of America (1886) Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving (1906) Famous Impostors (1910) Great Ghost Stories (1998) (Compiled by Peter Glassman, Illustrated by Barry Moser) Bram Stoker's Notes for Dracula: A Facsimile Edition (2008) Bram Stoker Annotated and Transcribed by Robert Eighteen-Bisang and Elizabeth Miller, Foreword by Michael Barsanti. Jefferson, NC & London: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-3410-7 Articles[edit] "Recollections of the Late W. G. Wills", The Graphic, 19 December 1891 "The Art of Ellen Terry", The Playgoer, October 1901 "The Question of a National Theatre", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXIII, January/June 1908 "Mr. De Morgan's Habits of Work", The World's Work, Vol. XVI, May/October 1908 "The Censorship of Fiction", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXIV, July/December 1908 "The Censorship of Stage Plays", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXVI, July/December 1909 "Irving and Stage Lightning", The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. LXIX, January/June 1911 Critical works on Stoker[edit] William Hughes, Beyond Dracula: Bram Stoker's Fiction and Its Cultural Context (Palgrave, 2000) ISBN 0-312-23136-9[53] Belford, Barbara. Bram Stoker: A Biography of the Author of Dracula. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1996. Hopkins, Lisa. Bram Stoker: A Literary Life. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Murray, Paul. From the Shadow of Dracula: A Life of Bram Stoker (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004) Senf, Carol. Science and Social Science in Bram Stoker's Fiction (Greenwood, 2002). Senf, Carol. Dracula: Between Tradition and Modernism (Twayne, 1998). Senf, Carol A. Bram Stoker (University of Wales Press, 2010). Shepherd, Mike. When Brave Men Shudder: the Scottish origins of Dracula (Wild Wolf Publishing, 2018). Skal, David J. Something in the Blood: The Untold Story of Bram Stoker (Liveright, 2016) Bibliographies[edit] William Hughes Bram Stoker – Victorian Fiction Research Guide References[edit] ^ "The 100 best novels: No 31 – Dracula by Bram Stoker (1897)". TheGuardian.com. 21 April 2014. ^ Belford, Barbara (2002). Bram Stoker and the Man Who Was Dracula. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-306-81098-5. ^ "The dark attraction of a literary landmark". The Irish Times. ^ Murray, Paul (2004). From the Shadow of Dracula: A Life of Bram Stoker. Random House. p. 11. ISBN 978-0224044622. ^ His siblings were: Sir (William) Thornley Stoker, born in 1845; Mathilda, born 1846; Thomas, born 1850; Richard, born 1852; Margaret, born 1854; and George, born 1855 ^ "Stoker Family Tree" (PDF). 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2014. ^ a b c d Obituary, Irish Times, 23 April 1912 ^ "Bloomsbury Collections – Bram Stoker's Dracula – A Reader's Guide". www.bloomsburycollections.com. Retrieved 19 January 2023. ^ Bram Stoker (1847–1912) Trinity College Dublin Writers by Jarlath Killeen ^ "Dracula creator Bram Stoker born". www.history.com. A&E Television Networks. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2022. He then worked for the Irish Civil Service while writing theatre reviews for a Dublin newspaper on the side. ^ Irish Times, 8 March 1882, p. 5 ^ "Why Dracula never loses his bite". Irish Times. 28 March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2009. ^ "Resurrected: Dracula author Bram Stoker's first attempts at Gothic horror". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2023. ^ David J. Skal, Something In The Blood: The True Story Of Bram Stoker, Liveright, 2016, p92-97. ^ Poletti, Jonathan (4 September 2022). "The queer life of Bram Stoker". medium.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022. ^ Schaffer, Talia (1994). ""A Wilde Desire Took Me": The Homoerotic History of Dracula". ELH. 61 (2): 381–425. doi:10.1353/elh.1994.0019. JSTOR 2873274. S2CID 161888586. Retrieved 19 October 2022 – via JSTOR. ^ Shepherd, Mike (2018). When Brave Men Shudder; the Scottish origins of Dracula. Wild Wolf Publishing. ^ "How Dracula Came to Whitby". English Heritage. Retrieved 4 May 2023. ^ "Whitby Abbey to be illuminated with bats to mark 125 years of Dracula". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 4 May 2023. ^ a b c d Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale Research (1998) vol 8. pp. 461–464 ^ "Vampires – Top 10 Famous Mysterious Monsters". Tone.com. 14 August 2009. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. ^ ""MY FRIEND ARMINIUS"". www.ucs.mun.ca. Retrieved 9 October 2021. ^ Lizzie Dearden (20 May 2014). "Radu Florescu dead: Legacy of the Romanian 'Dracula professor' remembered". The Independent. Retrieved 9 November 2018. ^ Jimmie e. Cain, Jr (2006). Bram Stoker and Russophobia: Evidence of the British Fear of Russia in Dracula and the Lady of the Shroud. McFarland. p. 182. ISBN 978-0786424078. ^ Miller, Elizabeth (2005). A Dracula Handbook. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-1465334008. ^ Light, Duncan (2016). The Dracula Dilemma: Tourism, Identity and the State in Romania. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317035312. ^ Zanger, Jules (1997). Blood Read: The Vampire as Metaphor in Contemporary Culture ed. Joan Gordon. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 17–24 ^ John J. Miller (28 October 2008). "What a Tax Lawyer Dug Up on 'Dracula'". WSJ. ^ Latham, Robert. Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review Annual, Greenwood Publishing (1988) p. 67 ^ Boylan, Henry (1998). A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 412. ISBN 978-0-7171-2945-4. ^ "The Books That Made Dracula". The London Library. Retrieved 14 February 2019. ^ "Latest News". The London Library. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019. ^ "Bram Stoker". Victorian Web. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008. ^ The Discussion (Third ed.). Grade Eight – Bram Stoker: Oberon Books (for The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art). 2004. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-84002-431-9. ^ Gibson, Peter (1985). The Capital Companion. Webb & Bower. pp. 365–366. ISBN 978-0-86350-042-8. ^ Davison, Carol Margaret (1 November 1997). Bram Stoker's Dracula: Sucking Through the Century, 1897–1997. Dundurn. ISBN 9781554881055 – via Google Books. ^ "100 years ago today: the death of Bram Stoker". OUPblog. 20 April 2012. ^ Murray, Paul. From the Shadow of Dracula: A Life of Bram Stoker. 2004. ^ "Shadowplay Pagan and Magick webzine – Hermetic Horrors". Shadowplayzine.com. 16 September 1904. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2012. ^ Ravenscroft, Trevor (1982). The occult power behind the spear which pierced the side of Christ. Red Wheel. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-87728-547-2. ^ Picknett, Lynn (2004). The Templar Revelation: Secret Guardians of the True Identity of Christ. Simon and Schuster. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-7432-7325-1. ^ "The Ripper and The Lyceum: The Significance of Irving's Freemasonry". 24 November 2002. Retrieved 4 June 2019. John Pickamp; Robert Protheroug 'The Ripper and The Lyceum: The Significance of Irving's Freemasonry ' The Irving Society website ^ "Bram Stoker". freemasonry.bcy.ca. ^ Dracula: The Un-Dead by Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt ^ "Overview". www.DraculaTheUnDead.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. ^ Stoker, Bram. Bram Stoker's Lost Dublin Journal, ed. by Stoker, Dacre and Miller, Elizabeth. London: Biteback Press, 2012 ^ "Bram Stoker's 165th Birthday". www.google.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022. ^ Doyle, Carmel (8 November 2012). "Bram Stoker books: gothic Google Doodle honours Dracula author". Silicon Republic. Retrieved 8 November 2012. ^ "Bram Stoker Festival 28–31 Oct 2016, Day & Night Events". Bram Stoker Festival 2015. ^ "What's on in Dublin – Dublin Events, Festivals, Concerts, Theatre, family events". Visit Dublin. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014. ^ "The Bram Stoker Festival in Dublin – 2013 Events". Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014. ^ "Bram Stoker – Miss Betty". www.bramstoker.org. ^ "Project MUSE – Login". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2018. External links[edit] Library resources about Bram Stoker Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Bram Stoker at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteTexts from Wikisource Works by Bram Stoker in eBook form at Standard Ebooks Works by Bram Stoker at Project Gutenberg Works by Bram Stoker at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Works by Bram Stoker at Open Library Bram Stoker at Curlie h2g2 article on Bram Stoker Bram Stoker at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Archival material at Leeds University Library Bram Stoker at IMDb Bram Stoker at Library of Congress, with 219 library catalogue records vteBram StokerNovels The Primrose Path (1875) The Snake's Pass (1890) The Watter's Mou' (1895) The Shoulder of Shasta (1895) Dracula (1897) Miss Betty (1898) The Mystery of the Sea (1902) The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903) The Man (1905) Lady Athlyne (1908) The Lady of the Shroud (1909) The Lair of the White Worm (1911) Short story collections Under the Sunset (1881) Snowbound: The Record of a Theatrical Touring Party (1908) Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories (1914) "Dracula's Guest" Non-fiction The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland (1879) A Glimpse of America (1886) Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving (1906) Famous Impostors (1910) Related Florence Balcombe (wife) Thornley Stoker (brother) William Thomson (brother-in-law) Bram Stoker Award vteBram Stoker's DraculaUniverseCharacters Count Dracula Abraham Van Helsing Jonathan Harker Mina Harker Lucy Westenra Arthur Holmwood Dr. John Seward Quincey Morris Renfield Brides of Dracula Publications Dracula (1897) Powers of Darkness (1899) Icelandic Swedish "Dracula's Guest" (1914) Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories (1914) Dacre Stoker Dracula the Un-dead (2009) Dracul (2018) Possible inspirations Castle of Droch-fhola Vlad II Dracul Vlad Călugărul Vlad the Impaler Castles Castle Dracula Bran Castle Poenari Castle Corvin Castle FilmsUniversalseries Dracula (1931 English-language) Dracula (1931 Spanish-language) Dracula's Daughter (1936) Son of Dracula (1943) House of Frankenstein (1944) House of Dracula (1945) Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948) Hammer Horror Dracula (1958) The Brides of Dracula (1960) Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966) Dracula Has Risen from the Grave (1968) Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970) Scars of Dracula (1970) Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972) The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973) The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (1974) Dracula 2000 Dracula 2000 (2000) Dracula II: Ascension (2003) Dracula III: Legacy (2005) Nosferatu films Nosferatu (1922) Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) Nosferatu in Venice (1988) Shadow of the Vampire (2000) Nosferatu (2024) Hotel Transylvania Hotel Transylvania (2012) Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015) Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018) Hotel Transylvania: Transformania (2022) Parodies Transylvania 6-5000 (1963) Mad Monster Party? (1967) Batman Fights Dracula (1967) Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972) Blood for Dracula (1974) Vampira (1974) Son of Dracula (1974) Dracula in the Provinces (1975) Dracula and Son (1976) Dracula Sucks (1979) Love at First Bite (1979) The Halloween That Almost Wasn't (1979) Fracchia contro Dracula (1985) Transylvania 6-5000 (1985) The Monster Squad (1987) Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf (1988) Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995) Monster Mash (1995) Monster Mash (2000) Zora the Vampire (2000) Monster Family (2017) Other Drakula halála (1923) The Return of the Vampire (1943) Drakula İstanbul'da (1953) Blood of Dracula (1957) The Return of Dracula (1958) Batman Dracula (1964) Billy the Kid Versus Dracula (1966) Blood of Dracula's Castle (1969) Santo en el tesoro de Drácula (1969) Count Dracula (1970) Los Monstruos del Terror (1970) Cuadecuc, vampir (1971) Vampyros Lesbos (1971) Hrabe Drakula (1971) Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1971) Blacula (1972) Scream Blacula Scream (1973) Bram Stoker's Dracula (1974) Count Dracula's Great Love (1974) Deafula (1975) Dracula's Dog (1977) Count Dracula (1977) Doctor Dracula (1978) Dracula (1979) Nocturna: Granddaughter of Dracula (1979) Dracula: Sovereign of the Damned (1980) Dracula's Widow (1988) To Die For (1989) Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat (1989) Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992) Nadja (1994) Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula (2000) Bara no Konrei ~Mayonaka ni Kawashita Yakusoku~ (2001) Dracula: Pages from a Virgin's Diary (2002) Dracula (2002) Van Helsing (2004) Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004) The Vulture's Eye (2004) Dracula 3000 (2004) Blade: Trinity (2004) The Batman vs. Dracula (2005) Bram Stoker's Dracula's Curse (2006) Dracula (2006) Bram Stoker's Dracula's Guest (2008) The Librarian: Curse of the Judas Chalice (2008) House of the Wolf Man (2009) Young Dracula (2011) Dracula Reborn (2012) Dracula 3D (2012) Saint Dracula 3D (2012) Dracula 2012 (2013) Dracula: The Dark Prince (2013) Dracula Untold (2014) Renfield (2023) The Last Voyage of the Demeter (2023) Abigail (2024) Dracula: A Love Tale (TBA) TelevisionSeries Monster Squad (1976) Draculas ring (1978) Cliffhangers (1979) Drak Pack (1980) Count Duckula (1988–1993) Dracula: The Series (1990–1991) Little Dracula (1991–1999) Monster Force (1994) Ace Kilroy (2011–2012) Young Dracula (2006–2014) characters Dracula (2013–2014) Penny Dreadful (2014–2016) Decker (2014–2017) Van Helsing (2016–21) Hotel Transylvania: The Series (2017–2020) Castlevania (2017–21) Dracula (2020) Episodes "Dracula" (Mystery and Imagination) (1968) "Buffy vs. Dracula" (2000) Young Dracula episodes (2006–2014) Penny Dreadful episodes (2014–2016) Hotel Transylvania: The Series episodes (2017–2020) The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror "Treehouse of Horror IV" (1993) "Treehouse of Horror XXI" (2010) Novels The Dracula Tape and sequels (1975–2002) Anno Dracula series (1992–present) Anno Dracula The Bloody Red Baron Dracula Cha Cha Cha The Revenge of Dracula (1978) Little Dracula (1986) Dracula the Undead (1997) The Historian (2005) The Book of Renfield (2005) Bloodline (2005) Young Dracula and Young Monsters (2006) Fangland (2007) Out of the Dark (2010) Radio Dracula (1938) Plays Dracula (1924) Dracula (1995) Dracula (1996) Musicals Dracula (Czech musical) (1995) Dracula: A Chamber Musical (1997) Dracula, the Musical (2004) Dracula – Entre l'amour et la mort (2006) Dracula – L'amour plus fort que la mort (2011) Comics Crossover Dracula (Marvel Comics) The Tomb of Dracula X-Men: Apocalypse vs. Dracula Captain Britain and MI13: Vampire State Mrs. Deadpool and the Howling Commandos Dracula (Dell Comics) Don Dracula Dracula Lives! Hellsing Sword of Dracula Batman & Dracula trilogy Victorian Undead Wolves at the Gate Purgatori Rick and Morty – Let the Rick One In Video games The Count (1979) Dracula (1983) Ghost Manor (1983) Castlevania series 1986–present Dracula Dracula (1986) Dracula the Undead (1991) Drac's Night Out (unreleased) Dracula Hakushaku (1992) Bram Stoker's Dracula (1993) Bram Stoker's Dracula (handheld) (1993) Dracula Unleashed (1993) Dracula: Resurrection (2000) Dracula 2: The Last Sanctuary (2000) Dracula: Crazy Vampire (2001) Van Helsing (2004) Dracula 3: The Path of the Dragon (2008) Dracula: Origin (2008) Vampire Season Monster Defense (2012) Dracula 4: The Shadow of the Dragon (2013) Dracula 5: The Blood Legacy (2013) The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing (2013) Renfield: Bring Your Own Blood (2023) Pinball Dracula (1979) Taxi (1988) Bram Stoker's Dracula (1993) Monster Bash (1998) Tabletop games The Fury of Dracula Albums Dracula Dracula 2000 Iubilaeum Anno Dracula 2001 Perfect Selection: Dracula Battle Transylvania Van Helsing Songs "Love Song for a Vampire" Audio dramas Son of the Dragon Original charactersAlternative versionsof Dracula Alucard (Hellsing) Count Alucard Count Orlok Soma Cruz Relatives of Dracula Alucard (Castlevania) Vampire Hunter D Eva Janus Dracula Lilith Dracula Shiklah Dracula Other Blade Count von Count Simon Belmont Related Lugosi v. 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The first opinion given to me regarding Jacob Settle was a simple descriptive statement, 'He's a down-in-the-mouth chap': but I found that it embodied the thoughts and ideas of all his fellow-workmen. There was in the phrase a certain easy tolerance, an absence of positive feeling of any kind, rather than any complete opinion, which marked pretty accurately the man's place in public esteem. Still, there was some dissimilarity between this and his appearance which unconsciously set me thinking, and by degrees, as I saw more of the place and the workmen, I came to have a special interest in him. He was, I found, for ever doing kindnesses, not involving money expenses beyond his humble means, but in the manifold ways of forethought and forbearance and self-repression which are of the truer charities of life. Women and children trusted him implicitly, though, strangely enough, he rather shunned them, except when anyone was sick, and then he made his appearance to help if he could, timidly and awkwardly. He led a very solitary life, keeping house by himself in a tiny cottage, or rather hut, of one room, far on the edge of the moorland. His existence seemed so sad and solitary that I wished to cheer it up, and for the purpose took the occasion when we had both been sitting up with a child, injured by me through accident, to offer to lend him books. He gladly accepted, and as we parted in the grey of the dawn I felt that something of mutual confidence had been established between us.
The books were always most carefully and punctually returned, and in time Jacob Settle and I became quite friends. Once or twice as I crossed the moorland on Sundays I looked in on him; but on such occasions he was shy and ill at ease so that I felt diffident about calling to see him. He would never under any circumstances come into my own lodgings.
One Sunday afternoon, I was coming back from a long walk beyond the moor, and as I passed Settle's cottage stopped at the door to say 'How do you do?' to him. As the door was shut, I thought that he was out, and merely knocked for form's sake, or through habit, not expecting to get any answer. To my surprise, I heard a feeble voice from within, though what was said I could not hear. I entered at once, and found Jacob lying half-dressed upon his bed. He was as pale as death, and the sweat was simply rolling off his face. His hands were unconsciously gripping the bedclothes as a drowning man holds on to whatever he may grasp. As I came in he half arose, with a wild, hunted look in his eyes, which were wide open and staring, as though something of horror had come before him; but when he recognised me he sank back on the couch with a smothered sob of relief and closed his eyes. I stood by him for a while, quite a minute or two, while he gasped. Then he opened his eyes and looked at me, but with such a despairing, woeful expression that, as I am a living man, I would have rather seen that frozen look of horror. I sat down beside him and asked after his health. For a while he would not answer me except to say that he was not ill; but then, after scrutinising me closely, he half arose on his elbow and said:
'I thank you kindly, sir, but I'm simply telling you the truth. I am not ill, as men call it, though God knows whether there be not worse sicknesses than doctors know of. I'll tell you, as you are so kind, but I trust that you won't even mention such a thing to a living soul, for it might work me more and greater woe. I am suffering from a bad dream.'
'A bad dream!' I said, hoping to cheer him; 'but dreams pass away with the light-even with waking.' There I stopped, for before he spoke I saw the answer in his desolate look round the little place.
'No! no! that's all well for people that live in comfort and with those they love around them. It is a thousand times worse for those who live alone and have to do so. What cheer is there for me, waking here in the silence of the night, with the wide moor around me full of voices and full of faces that make my waking a worse dream than my sleep? Ah, young sir, you have no past that can send its legions to people the darkness and the empty space, and I pray the good God that you may never have!' As he spoke, there was such an almost irresistible gravity of conviction in his manner that I abandoned my remonstrance about his solitary life. I felt that I was in the presence of some secret influence which I could not fathom. To my relief, for I knew not what to say, he went on:
'Two nights past have I dreamed it. It was hard enough the first night, but I came through it. Last night the expectation was in itself almost worse than the dream-until the dream came, and then it swept away every remembrance of lesser pain. I stayed awake till just before the dawn, and then it came again, and ever since I have been in such an agony as I am sure the dying feel, and with it all the dread of tonight.' Before he had got to the end of the sentence my mind was made up, and I felt that I could speak to him more cheerfully.
'Try and get to sleep early tonight-in fact, before the evening has passed away. The sleep will refresh you, and I promise you there will not be any bad dreams after tonight.' He shook his head hopelessly, so I sat a little longer and then left him.
When I got home I made my arrangements for the night, for I had made up my mind to share Jacob Settle's lonely vigil in his cottage on the moor. I judged that if he got to sleep before sunset he would wake well before midnight, and so, just as the bells of the city were striking eleven, I stood opposite his door armed with a bag, in which were my supper, an extra large flask, a couple of candles, and a book. The moonlight was bright, and flooded the whole moor, till it was almost as light as day; but ever and anon black clouds drove across the sky, and made a darkness which by comparison seemed almost tangible. I opened the door softly, and entered without waking Jacob, who lay asleep with his white face upward. He was still, and again bathed in sweat. I tried to imagine what visions were passing before those closed eyes which could bring with them the misery and woe which were stamped on the face, but fancy failed me, and I waited for the awakening. It came suddenly, and in a fashion which touched me to the quick, for the hollow groan that broke from the man's white lips as he half arose and sank back was manifestly the realisation or completion of some train of thought which had gone before.
'If this be dreaming,' said I to myself, 'then it must be based on some very terrible reality. What can have been that unhappy fact that he spoke of?' While I thus spoke, he realised that I was with him. It struck me as strange that he had no period of that doubt as to whether dream or reality surrounded him which commonly marks an expected environment of waking men. With a positive cry of joy, he seized my hand and held it in his two wet, trembling hands, as a frightened child clings on to someone whom it loves. I tried to soothe him: 'There, there! it is all right. I have come to stay with you tonight, and together we will try to fight this evil dream.' He let go my hand suddenly, and sank back on his bed and covered his eyes with his hands. 'Fight it?-the evil dream! Ah! no, sir, no! No mortal power can fight that dream, for it comes from God-and is burned in here;' and he beat upon his forehead. Then he went on: 'It is the same dream, ever the same, and yet it grows in its power to torture me every time it comes.' 'What is the dream?' I asked, thinking that the speaking of it might give him some relief, but he shrank away from me, and after a long pause said: 'No, I had better not tell it. It may not come again.' There was manifestly something to conceal from me-something that lay behind the dream, so I answered: 'All right. I hope you have seen the last of it. But if it should come again, you will tell me, will you not? I ask, not out of curiosity, but because I think it may relieve you to speak.' He answered with what I thought was almost an undue amount of solemnity: 'If it comes again, I shall tell you all.'
Then I tried to get his mind away from the subject to more mundane things, so I produced supper, and made him share it with me, including the contents of the flask. After a little he braced up, and when I lit my cigar, having given him another, we smoked a full hour, and talked of many things. Little by little the comfort of his body stole over his mind, and I could see sleep laying her gentle hands on his eyelids. He felt it, too, and told me that now he felt all right, and I might safely leave him; but I told him that, right or wrong, I was going to see in the daylight. So I lit my other candle, and began to read as he fell asleep.
By degrees I got interested in my book, so interested that presently I was startled by its dropping out of my hands. I looked and saw that Jacob was still asleep, and I was rejoiced to see that there was on his face a look of unwonted happiness, while his lips seemed to move with unspoken words. Then I turned to my work again, and again woke, but this time to feel chilled to my very marrow by hearing the voice from the bed beside me:
'Not with those red hands! Never! never!' On looking at him, I found that he was still asleep. He woke, however, in an instant, and did not seem surprised to see me; there was again that strange apathy as to his surroundings. Then I said:
'Settle, tell me your dream. You may speak freely, for I shall hold your confidence sacred. While we both live I shall never mention what you may choose to tell me.'
He replied:I said I would; but I had better tell you first what goes before the dream, that you may understand. I was a schoolmaster when I was a very young man; it was only a parish school in a little village in the West Country. No need to mention any names. Better not. I was engaged to be married to a young girl whom I loved and almost reverenced. It was the old story. While we were waiting for the time when we could afford to set up house together, another man came along. He was nearly as young as I was, and handsome, and a gentleman, with all a gentleman's attractive ways for a woman of our class. He would go fishing, and she would meet him while I was at my work in school. I reasoned with her and implored her to give him up. I offered to get married at once and go away and begin the world in a strange country; but she would not listen to anything I could say, and I could see that she was infatuated with him. Then I took it on myself to meet the man and ask him to deal well with the girl, for I thought he might mean honestly by her, so that there might be no talk or chance of talk on the part of others. I went where I should meet him with none by, and we met!' Here Jacob Settle had to pause, for something seemed to rise in his throat, and he almost gasped for breath. Then he went on:
'Sir, as God is above us, there was no selfish thought in my heart that day, I loved my pretty Mabel too well to be content with a part of her love, and I had thought of my own unhappiness too often not to have come to realise that, whatever might come to her, my hope was gone. He was insolent to me-you, sir, who are a gentleman, cannot know, perhaps, how galling can be the insolence of one who is above you in station-but I bore with that. I implored him to deal well with the girl, for what might be only a pastime of an idle hour with him might be the breaking of her heart. For I never had a thought of her truth, or that the worst of harm could come to her-it was only the unhappiness to her heart I feared. But when I asked him when he intended to marry her his laughter galled me so that I lost my temper and told him that I would not stand by and see her life made unhappy. Then he grew angry too, and in his anger said such cruel things of her that then and there I swore he should not live to do her harm. God knows how it came about, for in such moments of passion it is hard to remember the steps from a word to a blow, but I found myself standing over his dead body, with my hands crimson with the blood that welled from his torn throat. We were alone and he was a stranger, with none of his kin to seek for him and murder does not always out-not all at once. His bones may be whitening still, for all I know, in the pool of the river where I left him. No one suspected his absence, or why it was, except my poor Mabel, and she dared not speak. But it was all in vain, for when I came back again after an absence of months-for I could not live in the place-I learned that her shame had come and that she had died in it. Hitherto I had been borne up by the thought that my ill deed had saved her future, but now, when I learned that I had been too late, and that my poor love was smirched with that man's sin, I fled away with the sense of my useless guilt upon me more heavily than I could bear. Ah! sir, you that have not done such a sin don't know what it is to carry it with you. You may think that custom makes it easy to you, but it is not so. It grows and grows with every hour, till it becomes intolerable, and with it growing, too, the feeling that you must for ever stand outside Heaven. You don't know what that means, and I pray God that you never may. Ordinary men, to whom all things are possible, don't often, if ever, think of Heaven. It is a name, and nothing more, and they are content to wait and let things be, but to those who are doomed to be shut out for ever you cannot think what it means, you cannot guess or measure the terrible endless longing to see the gates opened, and to be able to join the white figures within.
'And this brings me to my dream. It seemed that the portal was before me, with great gates of massive steel with bars of the thickness of a mast, rising to the very clouds, and so close that between them was just a glimpse of a crystal grotto, on whose shining walls were figured many white-clad forms with faces radiant with joy. When I stood before the gate my heart and my soul were so full of rapture and longing that I forgot. And there stood at the gate two mighty angels with sweeping wings, and, oh! so stern of countenance. They held each in one hand a flaming sword, and in the other the latchet, which moved to and fro at their lightest touch. Nearer were figures all draped in black, with heads covered so that only the eyes were seen, and they handed to each who came white garments such as the angels wear. A low murmur came that told that all should put on their own robes, and without soil, or the angels would not pass them in, but would smite them down with the flaming swords. I was eager to don my own garment, and hurriedly threw it over me and stepped swiftly to the gate; but it moved not, and the angels, loosing the latchet, pointed to my dress, I looked down, and was aghast, for the whole robe was smeared with blood. My hands were red; they glittered with the blood that dripped from them as on that day by the river bank. And then the angels raised their flaming swords to smite me down, and the horror was complete-I awoke. Again, and again, and again, that awful dream comes to me. I never learn from the experience, I never remember, but at the beginning the hope is ever there to make the end more appalling; and I know that the dream does not come out of the common darkness where the dreams abide, but that it is sent from God as a punishment! Never, never shall I be able to pass the gate, for the soil on the angel garments must ever come from these bloody hands!'
I listened as in a spell as Jacob Settle spoke. There was something so far away in the tone of his voice-something so dreamy and mystic in the eyes that looked as if through me at some spirit beyond-something so lofty in his very diction and in such marked contrast to his workworn clothes and his poor surroundings that I wondered if the whole thing were not a dream.
We were both silent for a long time. I kept looking at the man before me in growing wonderment. Now that his confession had been made, his soul, which had been crushed to the very earth, seemed to leap back again to uprightness with some resilient force. I suppose I ought to have been horrified with his story, but, strange to say, I was not. It certainly is not pleasant to be made the recipient of the confidence of a murderer, but this poor fellow seemed to have had, not only so much provocation, but so much self-denying purpose in his deed of blood that I did not feel called upon to pass judgment upon him. My purpose was to comfort, so I spoke out with what calmness I could, for my heart was beating fast and heavily:
'You need not despair, Jacob Settle. God is very good, and His mercy is great. Live on and work on in the hope that some day you may feel that you have atoned for the past.' Here I paused, for I could see that deep, natural sleep this time, was creeping upon him. 'Go to sleep,' I said; 'I shall watch with you here and we shall have no more evil dreams tonight.'
He made an effort to pull himself together, and answered:'I don't know how to thank you for your goodness to me this night, but I think you had best leave me now. I'll try and sleep this out; I feel a weight off my mind since I have told you all. If there's anything of the man left in me, I must try and fight out life alone.''I'll go tonight, as you wish it,' I said; 'but take my advice, and do not live in such a solitary way. Go among men and women; live among them. Share their joys and sorrows, and it will help you to forget. This solitude will make you melancholy mad.'I will!' he answered, half unconsciously, for sleep was overmastering him.I turned to go, and he looked after me. When I had touched the latch I dropped it, and, coming back to the bed, held out my hand. He grasped it with both his as he rose to a sitting posture, and I said my goodnight, trying to cheer him:'Heart, man, heart! There is work in the world for you to do, Jacob Settle. You can wear those white robes yet and pass through that gate of steel!' Then I left him. A week after I found his cottage deserted, and on asking at the works was told that he had 'gone north', no one exactly knew whither.
Two years afterwards, I was staying for a few days with my friend Dr. Munro in Glasgow. He was a busy man, and could not spare much time for going about with me, so I spent my days in excursions to the Trossachs and Loch Katrine and down the Clyde. On the second last evening of my stay I came back somewhat later than I had arranged, but found that my host was late too. The maid told me that he had been sent for to the hospital-a case of accident at the gas-works, and the dinner was postponed an hour; so telling her I would stroll down to find her master and walk back with him, I went out. At the hospital I found him washing his hands preparatory to starting for home. Casually, I asked him what his case was.
'Oh, the usual thing! A rotten rope and men's lives of no account. Two men were working in a gasometer, when the rope that held their scaffolding broke. It must have occurred just before the dinner hour, for no one noticed their absence till the men had returned. There was about seven feet of water in the gasometer, so they had a hard fight for it, poor fellows. However, one of them was alive, just alive, but we have had a hard job to pull him through. It seems that he owes his life to his mate, for I have never heard of greater heroism. They swam together while their strength lasted, but at the end they were so done up that even the lights above, and the men slung with ropes, coming down to help them, could not keep them up. But one of them stood on the bottom and held up his comrade over his head, and those few breaths made all the difference between life and death. They were a shocking sight when they were taken out, for that water is like a purple dye with the gas and the tar. The man upstairs looked as if he had been washed in blood. Ugh!'
'And the other?''Oh, he's worse still. But he must have been a very noble fellow. That struggle under the water must have been fearful; one can see that by the way the blood has been drawn from the extremities. It makes the idea of the Stigmata possible to look at him. Resolution like this could, you would think, do anything in the world. Ay! it might almost unbar the gates of Heaven. Look here, old man, it is not a very pleasant sight, especially just before dinner, but you are a writer, and this is an odd case. Here is something you would not like to miss, for in all human probability you will never see anything like it again.' While he was speaking he had brought me into the mortuary of the hospital. On the bier lay a body covered with a white sheet, which was wrapped close round it.
'Looks like a chrysalis, don't it? I say, Jack, if there be anything in the old myth that a soul is typified by a butterfly, well, then the one that this chrysalis sent forth was a very noble specimen and took all the sunlight on its wings. See here!' He uncovered the face. Horrible, indeed, it looked, as though stained with blood. But I knew him at once, Jacob Settle! My friend pulled the winding sheet further down.
The hands were crossed on the purple breast as they had been reverently placed by some tender-hearted person. As I saw them my heart throbbed with a great exultation, for the memory of his harrowing dream rushed across my mind. There was no stain now on those poor, brave hands, for they were blanched white as snow.
And somehow as I looked I felt that the evil dream was all over. That noble soul had won a way through the gate at last. The white robe had now no stain from the hands that had put it on.

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Word Lists:

Chrysalis : a quiescent insect pupa, especially of a butterfly or moth

Mortuary : a funeral home or morgue.

Moor : a tract of open uncultivated upland; a heath

Dream : a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep

Wonderment : a state of awed admiration or respect

Mundane : lacking interest or excitement; dull

Resilient : (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions

Infatuated : possessed with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration for someone

Galling : annoying; humiliating

Harrowing : acutely distressing

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Additional Information:

Rating: C Words in the Passage: 4283 Unique Words: 1,068 Sentences: 208
Noun: 796 Conjunction: 468 Adverb: 337 Interjection: 16
Adjective: 280 Pronoun: 645 Verb: 793 Preposition: 483
Letter Count: 16,845 Sentiment: Positive / Positive / Positive Tone: Conversational Difficult Words: 613
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