King Solomon's Mines

- By H. Rider Haggard
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English adventure novelist (1856–1925) SirH. Rider HaggardKBEHaggard, c. 1905BornHenry Rider Haggard(1856-06-22)22 June 1856Bradenham, Norfolk, EnglandDied14 May 1925(1925-05-14) (aged 68)Marylebone, London, EnglandResting placeSt. Mary's Church, Ditchingham, Norfolk, EnglandOccupationNovelist, scholarPeriod19th and 20th centuryGenreAdventure, fantasy, fables, romance, sci-fi, historicalSubjectAfricaNotable worksKing Solomon's Mines,Allan Quatermain series,She: A History of AdventureSignatureWebsitewww.riderhaggardsociety.org.uk Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE (/ˈhæɡərd/; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre.[1] He was also involved in land reform throughout the British Empire.[2] His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature and including the eighteen Allan Quatermain stories, continue to be popular and influential. Life and career[edit] Family[edit] Henry Rider Haggard, generally known as H. Rider Haggard or Rider Haggard, was born at Bradenham, Norfolk, the eighth of ten children, to William Meybohm Rider Haggard, a barrister, and Ella Doveton, an author and poet.[3] His father was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1817 to British parents.[4] A member of the Haggard family, he was the great-nephew of the ecclesiastical lawyer John Haggard and an uncle of the naval officer Admiral Sir Vernon Haggard and the diplomat Sir Godfrey Haggard.[5] Education[edit] Haggard was initially sent to Garsington Rectory in Oxfordshire to study under Reverend H. J. Graham, but, unlike his elder brothers, who graduated from various private schools, he attended Ipswich Grammar School.[6] This was because[7] his father, who perhaps regarded him as somebody who was not going to amount to much,[8] could no longer afford to maintain his expensive private education. After failing his army entrance exam, he was sent to a private crammer in London to prepare for the entrance exam for the British Foreign Office,[6] which he never sat. During his two years in London he came into contact with people interested in the study of psychic phenomena.[9] Portrait of H. Rider Haggard c. 1902 South Africa, 1875–1882[edit] In 1875, Haggard's father sent him to what is now South Africa to take up an unpaid position as assistant to the secretary to Sir Henry Bulwer, Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of Natal.[10] In 1876, he was transferred to the staff of Sir Theophilus Shepstone, Special Commissioner for the Transvaal. It was in this role that Haggard was present in Pretoria in April 1877 for the official announcement of the British annexation of the Boer Republic of the Transvaal. Indeed, Haggard raised the Union flag and read out much of the proclamation following the loss of voice of the official originally entrusted with the duty.[11] At about that time, Haggard fell in love with Mary Elizabeth "Lilly" Jackson, whom he intended to marry once he obtained paid employment in Africa. In 1878, he became Registrar of the High Court in the Transvaal, and wrote to his father informing him that he intended to return to England and marry her. His father forbade it until Haggard had made a career for himself, and by 1879 Jackson had married Frank Archer, a well-to-do banker. When Haggard eventually returned to England, he married a friend of his sister, Marianna Louisa Margitson (1859–1943) in 1880, and the couple travelled to Africa together. They had a son named Jack (born 1881, died of measles at age 10) and three daughters, Angela (b.1883), Dorothy (b.1884) and Lilias (b.1892). Lilias Rider Haggard became an author, edited The Rabbit Skin Cap and I Walked By Night, and wrote a biography of her father entitled The Cloak That I Left (published in 1951). In England, 1882–1925[edit] Blue plaque, 69 Gunterstone Road, London Moving back to England in 1882, the couple settled in Ditchingham, Norfolk, Louisa Margitson's ancestral home. Later they lived in Kessingland and had connections with the church in Bungay, Suffolk. Haggard turned to the study of law and was called to the bar in 1884. His practice of law was desultory and much of his time was taken up by the writing of novels, which he saw as being more profitable. Haggard lived at 69 Gunterstone Road in Hammersmith, London, from mid-1885 to circa April 1888. It was at this Hammersmith address that he completed King Solomon's Mines (published September 1885).[12] Haggard was heavily influenced by the larger-than-life adventurers whom he met in colonial Africa, most notably Frederick Selous and Frederick Russell Burnham. He created his Allan Quatermain adventures under their influence, during a time when great mineral wealth was being discovered in Africa, as well as the ruins of ancient lost civilisations of the continent such as Great Zimbabwe.[13][14] Three of his books, The Wizard (1896), Black Heart and White Heart; a Zulu Idyll (1896), and Elissa; the Doom of Zimbabwe (1898), are dedicated to Burnham's daughter Nada, the first white child born in Bulawayo; she had been named after Haggard's 1892 book Nada the Lily.[15] Haggard belonged to the Athenaeum, Savile, and Authors' clubs.[16] H. Rider Haggard in later life (undated picture) Aid for Lilly Archer[edit] Years later, when Haggard was a successful novelist, he was contacted by his former love, Lilly Archer, née Jackson. She had been deserted by her husband, who had embezzled funds entrusted to him and had fled bankrupt to Africa. Haggard installed her and her sons in a house and saw to the children's education. Lilly eventually followed her husband to Africa, where he infected her with syphilis before dying of it himself. Lilly returned to England in late 1907, where Haggard again supported her until her death on 22 April 1909. These details were not generally known until the publication of Haggard's 1981 biography by Sydney Higgins.[17] Writing career[edit] After returning to England in 1882, Haggard published a book on the political situation in South Africa, as well as a handful of unsuccessful novels, [18] before writing the book for which he is most famous, King Solomon's Mines. He accepted a 10 percent royalty rather than £100 for the copyright.[19] A sequel soon followed entitled Allan Quatermain, followed by She and its sequel Ayesha, swashbuckling adventure novels set in the context of the Scramble for Africa (although the action of Ayesha happens in Tibet). The hugely popular King Solomon's Mines is sometimes considered the first of the Lost World genre.[20] She is generally considered to be one of the classics of imaginative literature,[21][22] and with 83 million copies sold by 1965, it is one of the best-selling books in history.[23] He is also remembered for Nada the Lily (a tale of adventure among the Zulus) and the epic Viking romance, Eric Brighteyes. His novels portray many of the stereotypes associated with colonialism, yet they are unusual for the degree of sympathy with which the native populations are portrayed. Africans often play heroic roles in the novels, although the protagonists are typically European. Notable examples are the heroic Zulu warrior Umslopogaas, and Ignosi, the rightful king of Kukuanaland, in King Solomon's Mines. Having developed an intense mutual friendship with the three Englishmen who help him regain his throne, he accepts their advice and abolishes witch-hunts and arbitrary capital punishment. Three of Haggard's novels were written in collaboration with his friend Andrew Lang, who shared his interest in the spiritual realm and paranormal phenomena. Haggard also wrote about agricultural and social reform, in part inspired by his experiences in Africa, but also based on what he saw in Europe. At the end of his life, he was a staunch opponent of Bolshevism, a position that he shared with his friend Rudyard Kipling. The two had bonded upon Kipling's arrival at London in 1889, largely on the strength of their shared opinions, and remained lifelong friends.[24] Public affairs[edit] Haggard was involved in reforming agriculture and was a member of many commissions on land use and related affairs, work that involved several trips to the Colonies and Dominions.[25] It eventually led to the passage of the Development and Road Improvement Funds Act 1909.[26] He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a Conservative candidate for the Eastern division of Norfolk in the 1895 summer election, losing by 197 votes. [27] He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1912 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours.[28][29] Death[edit] Haggard died on 14 May 1925 in Marylebone, London, aged 68.[30][1] His ashes were buried at St Mary's Church, Ditchingham.[31] His papers are held at the Norfolk Record Office.[32][33] His relatives include the writer Stephen Haggard (great-nephew), the director Piers Haggard (great-great-nephew), and the actress Daisy Haggard (great-great-great-niece).[34] Legacy[edit] Vanity Fair, 1887 Influence[edit] Psychoanalyst Carl Jung considered Ayesha, the female protagonist of She, to be a manifestation of the anima.[35] Her epithet "She Who Must Be Obeyed" is used by British author John Mortimer in his Rumpole of the Bailey series as the lead character's private name for his wife, Hilda, before whom he trembles at home (despite the fact that he is a barrister with some skill in court). Haggard's Lost World genre influenced popular American pulp writers such as Edgar Rice Burroughs, Robert E. Howard, Talbot Mundy, Philip José Farmer, and Abraham Merritt.[36] Allan Quatermain, the adventure hero of King Solomon's Mines and its sequel Allan Quatermain, was a template for the American character Indiana Jones.[37][38][39] Quatermain has gained recent popularity thanks to being a main character in the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Graham Greene, in an essay about Haggard, stated, "Enchantment is just what this writer exercised; he fixed pictures in our minds that thirty years have been unable to wear away."[40] Haggard was praised in 1965 by Roger Lancelyn Green, one of the Oxford Inklings, as a writer of a consistently high level of "literary skill and sheer imaginative power" and a co-originator with Robert Louis Stevenson of the Age of the Story Tellers.[41] On race[edit] Rider Haggard's works have been criticised for their depictions of non-Europeans. In his non-fiction book Decolonising the Mind, Kenyan author Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o refers to Haggard, who he says was one of the canonical authors in primary and secondary school, as one of the "geniuses of racism."[42] Author and academic Micere Mugo wrote in 1973 that reading the description of "an old African woman in Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines had for a long time made her feel mortal terror whenever she encountered old African women."[42] James Powell and Sons' presentation drawing for the Rider-Haggard window at Ditchingham Church, Norfolk (1925) Influence on children's literature in the 19th century[edit] During the 19th century, Haggard was one of many individuals who contributed to children's literature. Morton N. Cohen described King Solomon's Mines as a story that has "universal interest, for grown-ups as well as youngsters".[43] Haggard himself wanted to write the book for boys, but it ultimately had an influence on children and adults around the world. Cohen explained, "King Solomon’s Mines was being read in the public schools [and] aloud in class-rooms".[43] General influence and legacy[edit] The first chapter of Haggard's book People of the Mist is credited with inspiring the motto of the Royal Air Force (formerly the Royal Flying Corps), Per ardua ad astra.[44] In 1925, his daughter Lilias commissioned a memorial window for Ditchingham Church, in his honour, from James Powell and Sons.[45] The design features the Pyramids, his farm in Africa, and Bungay as seen from the Vineyard Hills near his home.[45] The Rider Haggard Society was founded in 1985. It publishes the Haggard Journal three times a year. [46] Works[edit] Main article: List of works by H. Rider Haggard Films based on Haggard's works[edit] Haggard's writings have been turned into films many times including: King Solomon's Mines This novel has been adapted at least six times. The first version, King Solomon's Mines, directed by Robert Stevenson, premiered in 1937. The best known version premiered in 1950: King Solomon's Mines, directed by Compton Bennett and Andrew Marton, was followed in 1959 by a sequel, Watusi. In 1979 a low-budget version directed by Alvin Rakoff, King Solomon's Treasure, combined both King Solomon's Mines and Allan Quatermain in one story. The 1985 film King Solomon's Mines was a tongue-in-cheek comedy, with a 1987 sequel in the same vein, Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold. Around the same time an Australian animated TV film came out as King Solomon's Mines. In 2004 an American TV mini-series, King Solomon's Mines starred Patrick Swayze. In 2008 a direct-to-video adaptation, Allan Quatermain and the Temple of Skulls, was released by Mark Atkins; it bore more resemblance to Indiana Jones than the novel. She has been adapted for film at least ten times, and was one of the earliest movies to be made: In 1899, as La Colonne de feu (The Pillar of Fire), by Georges Méliès. An American 1911 version starred Marguerite Snow. A British-produced version appeared in 1916, and in 1917 Valeska Suratt appeared in a production for Fox which is lost. In 1925 a silent film of She, starring Betty Blythe, was produced with the active participation of Rider Haggard, who wrote the intertitles. This film combines elements from all the books in the series. The 1935 version, filmed a decade later, featured Helen Gahagan, Randolph Scott, Helen Mack, and Nigel Bruce. The lost city of Kôr is set in the Arctic, rather than Africa, and depicts the ancient civilisation in an Art Deco style. The music is by Max Steiner. The screenplay combines elements from all the books in the series, including Wisdom's Daughter. In 2006, Legend Films and Ray Harryhausen restored and colorized the film for DVD release, as it was originally intended. The 1965 film She was produced by Hammer Film Productions; it starred Ursula Andress as Ayesha and John Richardson as her reincarnated love, with Peter Cushing and Bernard Cribbins as other members of the expedition. The 1984 adaptation of She took place in a post-apocalyptic setting, attempting to capitalize on the fame of Mad Max. In 2001, another adaptation was released direct-to-video with Ian Duncan as Leo Vincey, Ophélie Winter as Ayesha and Marie Bäumer as Roxane. Dawn The film Dawn was released in 1917, starring Hubert Carter and Annie Esmond. Jess This book was filmed in 1912,[47] featuring Marguerite Snow, Florence La Badie and James Cruze, in 1914 with Constance Crawley and Arthur Maude,[48] and in 1917 as Heart and Soul, starring Theda Bara in the title role.[49] Cleopatra The 1917 American film Cleopatra was based on Haggard's novel and other sources. Beatrice The book was adapted into a 1921 Italian silent drama film called The Stronger Passion,[50] directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Marie Doro and Sandro Salvini.[51] Swallow The novel was adapted into a 1922 South African film.[52] Stella Fregelius The book was adapted into a 1921 British film, Stella.[53] Moon of Israel This novel was the basis of a script by Ladislaus Vajda, for film-director Michael Curtiz in his 1924 Austrian epic known as Die Sklavenkönigin (Queen of the Slaves).[54] Honours[edit] The locality of Rider, British Columbia, was named after him. Rider Haggard Lane in Kessingland, Suffolk, is located at his former home. See also[edit] Biography portal Jules Verne (1825–1905), like Boussenard, his French contemporary, also wrote of fantastic worlds, though some of these are considered to be more science fiction in some of his works than others. Journey to the Center of the Earth and The Mysterious Island are novels that are similar in structure to the novels of Boussenard and Haggard. Louis Henri Boussenard (1847–1911), French author of adventure novels, dubbed the French Rider Haggard during his lifetime. Pierre Benoit (1886–1962), French author whose novel L'Atlantide is similar to She. Emilio Salgari (1862–1911), Italian author of adventure novels and founder of the adventure genre in Italy. Alexandre Dumas, père (1802–1870), French author of historical novels of high adventure. Anthony Hope (1863–1933), English author of adventure novels such as The Prisoner of Zenda. P. C. Wren (1875–1941), British writer of adventure fiction. He is remembered best for Beau Geste, a much-filmed book of 1924 involving the French Foreign Legion in North Africa, and its sequels, Beau Sabreur and Beau Ideal. Mythopoeia Theosophical fiction References[edit] Notes ^ a b "Rider Haggard Dies in London Hospital. Author of 'She,' 'King Solomon's Mines' and Many Other Novels Was Nearly 69. He Was Knighted in 1912. An Authority on Agriculture and Sociology. Served on Government Missions". New York Times. 15 May 1925. Retrieved 18 November 2012. ^ Watts, James (2021). "Land Reform, Henry Rider Haggard, and the Politics of Imperial Settlement, 1900–1920". The Historical Journal. 65 (2): 415–435. doi:10.1017/S0018246X21000613. ISSN 0018-246X. ^ "Lost Races, Forgotten Cities". Violetbooks.com. 14 May 1925. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014. ^ "The Days of My Life, by H. Rider Haggard : CHAPTER 1". ebooks.adelaide.edu.au. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016. ^ Burke, B. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, 14th ed. (1925). Haggard of Bradenham, pp. 804-806. ^ a b Haggard, H. Rider (1989). "Introduction and Chronology; by Dennis Butts. In". King Solomon's Mines. Oxford University Press. vii–xxviii. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. v. ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. vi. ^ H.d.R. [Memoir of Haggard]. In: Haggard, H. Rider (1957) Ayesha. London: Collins ^ Haggard, H. Rider (2002). "H. Rider Haggard". King Solomon's Mines. Modern Library Paperback Edition. vi. ^ Pakenham, Thomas (1992) The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876–1912, Avon Books, New York. ISBN 0-380-71999-1. ^ Eagles, Dorothy, and Carnell, Hilary, eds. (1978) The Oxford Literary Guide to the British Isles, Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-869123-8 p. 188 ^ Mandiringana, E.; Stapleton, T. J. (1998). "The Literary Legacy of Frederick Courteney Selous". History in Africa. 25. African Studies Association: 199–218. doi:10.2307/3172188. JSTOR 3172188. S2CID 161701151. ^ Pearson, Edmund Lester. "Theodore Roosevelt, Chapter XI: The Lion Hunter". Humanities Web. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2006. ^ Haggard 1926. ^ "HAGGARD, Henry Rider". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 756. ^ Higgins 1981. ^ Ellis 1978, p. 89. ^ Etherington 1984, p. 99. ^ According to Robert E. Morsberger in the "Afterword" of King Solomon's Mines, The Reader's Digest (1993). ^ "Supernatural Horror In Literature by H. P. Lovecraft". ^ H.P. Lovecraft has stated in his essay Supernatural Horror in Literature: The romantic, semi-Gothic, quasi-moral tradition here represented was carried far down the nineteenth century by such authors as Joseph Sheridan LeFanu, Wilkie Collins, the late Sir H. Rider Haggard (whose She is really remarkably good), Sir A. Conan Doyle, H. G. Wells, and Robert Louis Stevenson ^ "Cinema: Waiting for Leo". TIME.com. 17 September 1965. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. ^ Kipling, Rudyard (1937). Something of Myself. London: Macmillan & Co. ^ Cohen 1961, pp. 239–85. ^ Cohen 1961, p. 178. ^ Cohen 1961, pp. 157–58. ^ "No. 28588". The London Gazette. 8 March 1912. p. 1745. ^ "No. 31114". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 January 1919. p. 448. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 3 January 2018. ^ Higgins 1981, p. 241. ^ Pocock 1993, p. 288. ^ "Rider Haggard Papers". Norfolk Record Office. Retrieved 20 March 2013. ^ "Daisy Haggard: 'If I had Botox, my career would be over'". The Guardian. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2021. ^ Fike, Matthew A. (2015). "Encountering the Anima in Africa: H. Rider Haggard's She". Jungian Journal of Scholarly Studies. 10. doi:10.29173/jjs50s. Retrieved 29 April 2023. ^ See Lee Server, Encyclopedia of Pulp Fiction Writers (2002), pg.131. ^ "The Republic Serials were most strongly influenced by Sir Henry Rider Haggard's 'white man explores savage Africa' stories, in particular King Solomon's Mines (1886)" ^ "Star Wars Origins - Other Science Fiction Influences". ^ "Based on a 1885 novel by Henry Rider Haggard Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, the exploits of Allan Quatermain have long served as a template for the Indiana Jones character. In this particular film, King Solomon's Mines (1950), Quatermain finds himself unwillingly thrust into a worldwide search for the legendary mines of King Solomon. The look and feel of Indiana and his past adventures are quite apparent here, and his new quest follows some very similar through lines. Like Quatermain, Jones is reluctantly forced into helping the Russians find the Lost Temple of Akator and the Crystal Skulls mentioned in the film's title. Both Quatermain and Jones are confronted by angry villagers and a myriad of dangerous booby traps. Look to King Solomon's Mines for a good idea on the feel and tone Lucas and Spielberg are after with their latest Indiana Jones outing". ^ Greene, Graham (1969). Rider Haggard's Secret. New York: Viking Press. pp. 209–214. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) ^ from the introduction to the 1965 Everyman's Library edition of the one-volume The Prisoner of Zenda and Rupert of Hentzau by Anthony Hope ^ a b Thiong'o, Ngugi wa (1 January 1994). Decolonising the mind: the politics of language in African literature. East African Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 9789966466846. ^ a b Cohen, Morton N., "The Tale of African Adventure." Rider Haggard: His Life and Works. New York: Walker and Company, 1961. 89–95. Print. ^ "The Royal Air Force MottoThe Royal Air Force Motto". RAF. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2012. ^ a b "The List". Abbott and Holder Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019. ^ Fergusson, James (2018) The Haggard Society. The Book Collector 67 no.1 (spring) 97-99. ^ "Jess". 21 May 1912 – via IMDb. ^ "Jess". 18 February 1914 – via IMDb. ^ "Heart and Soul". 21 May 1917 – via IMDb. ^ "The Stronger Passion". 1 May 1921 – via IMDb. ^ Journeys of Desire p.50 ^ "Swallow". 20 July 1922 – via IMDb. ^ "Stella". 1 January 2000 – via IMDb. ^ "The Moon of Israel". 24 October 1924 – via IMDb. Bibliography Cohen, Morton Norton (1961). Rider Haggard His life and Works. New York: Walker and Company. Cox, Noel (2013). Sir Henry Rider Haggard: A collection of commentaries on his novels. Aberystwyth: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781494397746. Ellis, Peter (1978). H. Rider Haggard: A Voice from the Infinite. Routledge. ISBN 9780710211941. Etherington, Norman (1984). Rider Haggard. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 9780805768695. Haggard, H. Rider (1926). The Days of My Life. Longmans. Higgins, D.S. (1981). Rider Haggard: The Great Storyteller. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-30827-7. Katz, Wendy Roberta (2010). Rider Haggard and the Fiction of Empire: A Critical Study of British Imperial Fiction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521131131. Klein, Darius M. Survivals and Origins in H. Rider Haggard's She: A History of Adventure--A bibliography online source of bibliography Monsman, Gerald Cornelius (2006). H. Rider Haggard on the imperial frontier. ELT Press. ISBN 9780944318218. Pocock, Tom (1993). Rider Haggard: And the Lost Empire. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297813088. External links[edit] H. Rider Haggard at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from CommonsQuotations from WikiquoteTexts from WikisourceData from Wikidata Works by H. Rider Haggard in eBook form at Standard Ebooks Works by H. Rider Haggard at Project Gutenberg Works by H. R. Haggard at Project Gutenberg Australia Works by H. R. Haggard at One More Library The Mahatma and the Hare : a Dream Story illustrated by William Thomas Horton (1911) Umslopogaas, She, & Allan Quatermain Full Series (1927) Works by or about H. Rider Haggard at Internet Archive Works by H. Rider Haggard at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) H. Rider Haggard at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database H. Rider Haggard's She, Escape, CBS radio, 1948 H. Rider Haggard Quotation Collection The Books of H. Rider Haggard: A Chronological Survey Rider Haggard Society Holterhoff, Kate. "Visual Haggard: The Illustration Archive". In and Out of Africa : The Adventures of H. Rider Haggard Lilly Library, Bloomington, IN Camera Interviews - Sir Rider Haggard (1923), by Pathé Finding aid to H. Rider Haggard papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library. vteWorks by H. Rider HaggardFiction Dawn (1884) The Witch's Head (1885) King Solomon's Mines (1885) She (1886) Jess (1886) Allan Quatermain (1887) Mr Meeson's Will (1888) Maiwa's Revenge (1888) Colonel Quaritch, VC (1888) Cleopatra (1889) Allan's Wife (1889) Beatrice (1889) The World's Desire (1890) Eric Brighteyes (1891) Nada the Lily (1892) Montezuma's Daughter (1893) The People of the Mist (1894) Joan Haste (1895) Heart of the World (1895) The Wizard (1896) Doctor Therne (1898) Swallow (1898) Elissa (1900) Lysbeth (1901) Pearl Maiden (1903) Stella Fregelius (1904) The Brethren (1904) Ayesha: The Return of She (1905) The Way of the Spirit (1906) Benita (1906) Fair Margaret (1907) The Ghost Kings (1908) The Yellow God (1908) The Lady of Blossholme (1909) Queen Sheba's Ring (1910) Morning Star (1910) Red Eve (1911) The Mahatma and the Hare (1911) Marie (1912) Child of Storm (1913) The Wanderer's Necklace (1913) Allan and the Holy Flower (1915) The Ivory Child (1916) Finished (1917) Love Eternal (1918) Moon of Israel (1918) When the World Shook (1919) The Ancient Allan (1920) Smith and the Pharaohs (1920) She and Allan (1921) The Virgin of the Sun (1922) Wisdom's Daughter (1923) Heu-Heu (1924) Queen of the Dawn (1925) The Treasure of the Lake (1926) Allan and the Ice-gods (1927) Mary of Marion Isle (1929) Belshazzar (1930) Non-fiction Cetywayo and His White Neighbours (1882) A Farmer's Year (1899) The Last Boer War (1899) A Winter Pilgrimage (1901) Rural England (1902) The Poor and the Land (1905) A Gardener's Year (1905) Regeneration (1910) Rural Denmark (1911) The Days of My Life (autobiography, 1926) vteH. Rider Haggard's She: A History of AdventureNovels She: A History of Adventure Ayesha, the Return of She She and Allan Wisdom's Daughter Films The Pillar of Fire (1899) She (1911) She (1916) The Hidden Valley (1916) She (1917) She (1925) She (1935) She (1965) The Vengeance of She (1968) She (1984) vteH. Rider Haggard's King Solomon's MinesCharacters Allan Quatermain Sir Henry Curtis Sequelsand prequels Allan Quatermain (1887) Maiwa's Revenge (1888) Allan's Wife (1889) Marie (1912) Child of Storm (1913) The Holy Flower (1915) The Ivory Child (1916) Finished (1917) The Ancient Allan (1920) She and Allan (1921) Allan and the Ice-Gods (1927) Films King Solomon's Mines (1937) King Solomon's Mines (1950) Watusi (1959) King Solomon's Treasure (1979) King Solomon's Mines (1985) Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1986) King Solomon's Mines (2004) Allan Quatermain and the Temple of Skulls (2008) Video Games Deadfall Adventures Related The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF National Norway Chile Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Finland Belgium United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Greece Korea Croatia Netherlands 2 Poland Portugal Vatican Academics CiNii Artists MusicBrainz People Deutsche Biographie Trove Other SNAC IdRef
CHAPTER I I MEET SIR HENRY CURTIS
It is a curious thing that at my age-fifty-five last birthday-I should find myself taking up a pen to try to write a history. I wonder what sort of a history it will be when I have finished it, if ever I come to the end of the trip! I have done a good many things in my life, which seems a long one to me, owing to my having begun work so young, perhaps. At an age when other boys are at school I was earning my living as a trader in the old Colony. I have been trading, hunting, fighting, or mining ever since. And yet it is only eight months ago that I made my pile. It is a big pile now that I have got it-I don't yet know how big-but I do not think I would go through the last fifteen or sixteen months again for it; no, not if I knew that I should come out safe at the end, pile and all. But then I am a timid man, and dislike violence; moreover, I am almost sick of adventure. I wonder why I am going to write this book: it is not in my line. I am not a literary man, though very devoted to the Old Testament and also to the "Ingoldsby Legends." Let me try to set down my reasons, just to see if I have any.
First reason: Because Sir Henry Curtis and Captain John Good asked me.
Second reason: Because I am laid up here at Durban with the pain in my left leg. Ever since that confounded lion got hold of me I have been liable to this trouble, and being rather bad just now, it makes me limp more than ever. There must be some poison in a lion's teeth, otherwise how is it that when your wounds are healed they break out again, generally, mark you, at the same time of year that you got your mauling? It is a hard thing when one has shot sixty-five lions or more, as I have in the course of my life, that the sixty-sixth should chew your leg like a quid of tobacco. It breaks the routine of the thing, and putting other considerations aside, I am an orderly man and don't like that. This is by the way.
Third reason: Because I want my boy Harry, who is over there at the hospital in London studying to become a doctor, to have something to amuse him and keep him out of mischief for a week or so. Hospital work must sometimes pall and grow rather dull, for even of cutting up dead bodies there may come satiety, and as this history will not be dull, whatever else it may be, it will put a little life into things for a day or two while Harry is reading of our adventures.
Fourth reason and last: Because I am going to tell the strangest story that I remember. It may seem a queer thing to say, especially considering that there is no woman in it-except Foulata. Stop, though! there is Gagaoola, if she was a woman, and not a fiend. But she was a hundred at least, and therefore not marriageable, so I don't count her. At any rate, I can safely say that there is not a petticoat in the whole history.
Well, I had better come to the yoke. It is a stiff place, and I feel as though I were bogged up to the axle. But, "sutjes, sutjes," as the Boers say-I am sure I don't know how they spell it-softly does it. A strong team will come through at last, that is, if they are not too poor. You can never do anything with poor oxen. Now to make a start.
I, Allan Quatermain, of Durban, Natal, Gentleman, make oath and say-That's how I headed my deposition before the magistrate about poor Khiva's and Ventvögel's sad deaths; but somehow it doesn't seem quite the right way to begin a book. And, besides, am I a gentleman? What is a gentleman? I don't quite know, and yet I have had to do with niggers-no, I will scratch out that word "niggers," for I do not like it. I've known natives who are, and so you will say, Harry, my boy, before you have done with this tale, and I have known mean whites with lots of money and fresh out from home, too, who are not.
At any rate, I was born a gentleman, though I have been nothing but a poor travelling trader and hunter all my life. Whether I have remained so I known not, you must judge of that. Heaven knows I've tried. I have killed many men in my time, yet I have never slain wantonly or stained my hand in innocent blood, but only in self-defence. The Almighty gave us our lives, and I suppose He meant us to defend them, at least I have always acted on that, and I hope it will not be brought up against me when my clock strikes. There, there, it is a cruel and a wicked world, and for a timid man I have been mixed up in a great deal of fighting. I cannot tell the rights of it, but at any rate I have never stolen, though once I cheated a Kafir out of a herd of cattle. But then he had done me a dirty turn, and it has troubled me ever since into the bargain.
Well, it is eighteen months or so ago since first I met Sir Henry Curtis and Captain Good. It was in this way. I had been up elephant hunting beyond Bamangwato, and had met with bad luck. Everything went wrong that trip, and to top up with I got the fever badly. So soon as I was well enough I trekked down to the Diamond Fields, sold such ivory as I had, together with my wagon and oxen, discharged my hunters, and took the post-cart to the Cape. After spending a week in Cape Town, finding that they overcharged me at the hotel, and having seen everything there was to see, including the botanical gardens, which seem to me likely to confer a great benefit on the country, and the new Houses of Parliament, which I expect will do nothing of the sort, I determined to go back to Natal by the Dunkeld, then lying at the docks waiting for the Edinburgh Castle due in from England. I took my berth and went aboard, and that afternoon the Natal passengers from the Edinburgh Castle transhipped, and we weighed and put to sea.
Among these passengers who came on board were two who excited my curiosity. One, a gentleman of about thirty, was perhaps the biggest-chested and longest-armed man I ever saw. He had yellow hair, a thick yellow beard, clear-cut features, and large grey eyes set deep in his head. I never saw a finer-looking man, and somehow he reminded me of an ancient Dane. Not that I know much of ancient Danes, though I knew a modern Dane who did me out of ten pounds; but I remember once seeing a picture of some of those gentry, who, I take it, were a kind of white Zulus. They were drinking out of big horns, and their long hair hung down their backs. As I looked at my friend standing there by the companion-ladder, I thought that if he only let his grow a little, put one of those chain shirts on to his great shoulders, and took hold of a battle-axe and a horn mug, he might have sat as a model for that picture. And by the way it is a curious thing, and just shows how the blood will out, I discovered afterwards that Sir Henry Curtis, for that was the big man's name, is of Danish blood.[1] He also reminded me strongly of somebody else, but at the time I could not remember who it was.
The other man, who stood talking to Sir Henry, was stout and dark, and of quite a different cut. I suspected at once that he was a naval officer; I don't know why, but it is difficult to mistake a navy man. I have gone shooting trips with several of them in the course of my life, and they have always proved themselves the best and bravest and nicest fellows I ever met, though sadly given, some of them, to the use of profane language. I asked a page or two back, what is a gentleman? I'll answer the question now: A Royal Naval officer is, in a general sort of way, though of course there may be a black sheep among them here and there. I fancy it is just the wide seas and the breath of God's winds that wash their hearts and blow the bitterness out of their minds and make them what men ought to be.
Well, to return, I proved right again; I ascertained that the dark man was a naval officer, a lieutenant of thirty-one, who, after seventeen years' service, had been turned out of her Majesty's employ with the barren honour of a commander's rank, because it was impossible that he should be promoted. This is what people who serve the Queen have to expect: to be shot out into the cold world to find a living just when they are beginning really to understand their work, and to reach the prime of life. I suppose they don't mind it, but for my own part I had rather earn my bread as a hunter. One's halfpence are as scarce perhaps, but you do not get so many kicks.
The officer's name I found out-by referring to the passengers' lists-was Good-Captain John Good. He was broad, of medium height, dark, stout, and rather a curious man to look at. He was so very neat and so very clean-shaved, and he always wore an eye-glass in his right eye. It seemed to grow there, for it had no string, and he never took it out except to wipe it. At first I thought he used to sleep in it, but afterwards I found that this was a mistake. He put it in his trousers pocket when he went to bed, together with his false teeth, of which he had two beautiful sets that, my own being none of the best, have often caused me to break the tenth commandment. But I am anticipating.
Soon after we had got under way evening closed in, and brought with it very dirty weather. A keen breeze sprung up off land, and a kind of aggravated Scotch mist soon drove everybody from the deck. As for the Dunkeld, she is a flat-bottomed punt, and going up light as she was, she rolled very heavily. It almost seemed as though she would go right over, but she never did. It was quite impossible to walk about, so I stood near the engines where it was warm, and amused myself with watching the pendulum, which was fixed opposite to me, swinging slowly backwards and forwards as the vessel rolled, and marking the angle she touched at each lurch.
"That pendulum's wrong; it is not properly weighted," suddenly said a somewhat testy voice at my shoulder. Looking round I saw the naval officer whom I had noticed when the passengers came aboard. "Indeed, now what makes you think so?" I asked.
"Think so. I don't think at all. Why there"-as she righted herself after a roll-"if the ship had really rolled to the degree that thing pointed to, then she would never have rolled again, that's all. But it is just like these merchant skippers, they are always so confoundedly careless." Just then the dinner-bell rang, and I was not sorry, for it is a dreadful thing to have to listen to an officer of the Royal Navy when he gets on to that subject. I only know one worse thing, and that is to hear a merchant skipper express his candid opinion of officers of the Royal Navy.
Captain Good and I went down to dinner together, and there we found Sir Henry Curtis already seated. He and Captain Good were placed together, and I sat opposite to them. The captain and I soon fell into talk about shooting and what not; he asking me many questions, for he is very inquisitive about all sorts of things, and I answering them as well as I could. Presently he got on to elephants.
"Ah, sir," called out somebody who was sitting near me, "you've reached the right man for that; Hunter Quatermain should be able to tell you about elephants if anybody can." Sir Henry, who had been sitting quite quiet listening to our talk, started visibly.
"Excuse me, sir," he said, leaning forward across the table, and speaking in a low deep voice, a very suitable voice, it seemed to me, to come out of those great lungs. "Excuse me, sir, but is your name Allan Quatermain?" I said that it was. The big man made no further remark, but I heard him mutter "fortunate" into his beard.
Presently dinner came to an end, and as we were leaving the saloon Sir Henry strolled up and asked me if I would come into his cabin to smoke a pipe. I accepted, and he led the way to the Dunkeld deck cabin, and a very good cabin it is. It had been two cabins, but when Sir Garnet Wolseley or one of those big swells went down the coast in the Dunkeld, they knocked away the partition and have never put it up again. There was a sofa in the cabin, and a little table in front of it. Sir Henry sent the steward for a bottle of whisky, and the three of us sat down and lit our pipes.
"Mr. Quatermain," said Sir Henry Curtis, when the man had brought the whisky and lit the lamp, "the year before last about this time, you were, I believe, at a place called Bamangwato, to the north of the Transvaal." "I was," I answered, rather surprised that this gentleman should be so well acquainted with my movements, which were not, so far as I was aware, considered of general interest.
"You were trading there, were you not?" put in Captain Good, in his quick way. "I was. I took up a wagon-load of goods, made a camp outside the settlement, and stopped till I had sold them."
Sir Henry was sitting opposite to me in a Madeira chair, his arms leaning on the table. He now looked up, fixing his large grey eyes full upon my face. There was a curious anxiety in them, I thought. "Did you happen to meet a man called Neville there?" "Oh, yes; he outspanned alongside of me for a fortnight to rest his oxen before going on to the interior. I had a letter from a lawyer a few months back, asking me if I knew what had become of him, which I answered to the best of my ability at the time."
"Yes," said Sir Henry, "your letter was forwarded to me. You said in it that the gentleman called Neville left Bamangwato at the beginning of May in a wagon with a driver, a voorlooper, and a Kafir hunter called Jim, announcing his intention of trekking if possible as far as Inyati, the extreme trading post in the Matabele country, where he would sell his wagon and proceed on foot. You also said that he did sell his wagon, for six months afterwards you saw the wagon in the possession of a Portuguese trader, who told you that he had bought it at Inyati from a white man whose name he had forgotten, and that he believed the white man with the native servant had started off for the interior on a shooting trip."
"Yes." Then came a pause. "Mr. Quatermain," said Sir Henry suddenly, "I suppose you know or can guess nothing more of the reasons of my-of Mr. Neville's journey to the northward, or as to what point that journey was directed?" "I heard something," I answered, and stopped. The subject was one which I did not care to discuss. Sir Henry and Captain Good looked at each other, and Captain Good nodded.
"Mr. Quatermain," went on the former, "I am going to tell you a story, and ask your advice, and perhaps your assistance. The agent who forwarded me your letter told me that I might rely on it implicitly, as you were," he said, "well known and universally respected in Natal, and especially noted for your discretion." I bowed and drank some whisky and water to hide my confusion, for I am a modest man-and Sir Henry went on.
"Mr. Neville was my brother." "Oh," I said, starting, for now I knew of whom Sir Henry had reminded me when first I saw him. His brother was a much smaller man and had a dark beard, but now that I thought of it, he possessed eyes of the same shade of grey and with the same keen look in them: the features too were not unlike.
"He was," went on Sir Henry, "my only and younger brother, and till five years ago I do not suppose that we were ever a month away from each other. But just about five years ago a misfortune befell us, as sometimes does happen in families. We quarrelled bitterly, and I behaved unjustly to my brother in my anger." Here Captain Good nodded his head vigorously to himself. The ship gave a big roll just then, so that the looking-glass, which was fixed opposite us to starboard, was for a moment nearly over our heads, and as I was sitting with my hands in my pockets and staring upwards, I could see him nodding like anything.
"As I daresay you know," went on Sir Henry, "if a man dies intestate, and has no property but land, real property it is called in England, it all descends to his eldest son. It so happened that just at the time when we quarrelled our father died intestate. He had put off making his will until it was too late. The result was that my brother, who had not been brought up to any profession, was left without a penny. Of course it would have been my duty to provide for him, but at the time the quarrel between us was so bitter that I did not-to my shame I say it (and he sighed deeply)-offer to do anything. It was not that I grudged him justice, but I waited for him to make advances, and he made none. I am sorry to trouble you with all this, Mr. Quatermain, but I must to make things clear, eh, Good?"
"Quite so, quite so," said the captain. "Mr. Quatermain will, I am sure, keep this history to himself." "Of course," said I, for I rather pride myself on my discretion, for which, as Sir Henry had heard, I have some repute. "Well," went on Sir Henry, "my brother had a few hundred pounds to his account at the time. Without saying anything to me he drew out this paltry sum, and, having adopted the name of Neville, started off for South Africa in the wild hope of making a fortune. This I learned afterwards. Some three years passed, and I heard nothing of my brother, though I wrote several times. Doubtless the letters never reached him. But as time went on I grew more and more troubled about him. I found out, Mr. Quatermain, that blood is thicker than water."
"That's true," said I, thinking of my boy Harry. "I found out, Mr. Quatermain, that I would have given half my fortune to know that my brother George, the only relation I possess, was safe and well, and that I should see him again." "But you never did, Curtis," jerked out Captain Good, glancing at the big man's face.
"Well, Mr. Quatermain, as time went on I became more and more anxious to find out if my brother was alive or dead, and if alive to get him home again. I set enquiries on foot, and your letter was one of the results. So far as it went it was satisfactory, for it showed that till lately George was alive, but it did not go far enough. So, to cut a long story short, I made up my mind to come out and look for him myself, and Captain Good was so kind as to come with me."
"Yes," said the captain; "nothing else to do, you see. Turned out by my Lords of the Admiralty to starve on half pay. And now perhaps, sir, you will tell us what you know or have heard of the gentleman called Neville."
[1] Mr. Quatermain's ideas about ancient Danes seem to be rather confused; we have always understood that they were dark-haired people. Probably he was thinking of Saxons.-Editor.

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Word Lists:

Intestate : not having made a will before one dies

Trek : a long arduous journey, especially one made on foot

Satiety : the feeling or state of being sated

Pendulum : a weight hung from a fixed point so that it can swing freely backward and forward, especially a rod with a weight at the end that regulates the mechanism of a clock.

Maul : (of an animal) wound (a person or animal) by scratching and tearing

Wagon : a vehicle used for transporting goods or another specified purpose

Hunter : a person or animal that hunts

Axle : a rod or spindle (either fixed or rotating) passing through the center of a wheel or group of wheels

Testy : easily irritated; impatient and somewhat bad-tempered

Botanical : relating to plants

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Additional Information:

Rating: B Words in the Passage: 3580 Unique Words: 979 Sentences: 181
Noun: 735 Conjunction: 386 Adverb: 291 Interjection: 8
Adjective: 227 Pronoun: 510 Verb: 679 Preposition: 379
Letter Count: 14,174 Sentiment: Positive / Positive / Positive Tone: Conversational Difficult Words: 518
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