AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE U.S. AND THE SPOKANE INDIANS

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US digital library project This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2020) Digital Public Library of AmericaAbbreviationDPLAFoundedApril 18, 2013TypeNonprofitTax ID no. 46-1160948Legal status501(c)(3) projectHeadquartersBoston, Massachusetts, USExecutive directorJohn BrackenWebsitedp.la The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after two-and-a-half years of development.[1] Overview[edit] The DPLA is a discovery tool, or union catalog, for public domain and openly licensed content held by the United States' archives, libraries, museums, and other cultural heritage institutions.[1] It was started by Harvard University's Berkman Center for Internet & Society in 2010, with financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation,[2] and has subsequently received funding from several foundations and government agencies, including the US National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.[3] It "aims to unify such disparate sources as the Library of Congress, the Internet Archive, various academic collections, and presumably any other collection that would be meaningful to include. ... They have yet to ... decide such issues as how near to the present their catalog will come. There is an ongoing dispute regarding so-called 'orphan works' and other questions of copyright."[4][needs update] John Palfrey, co-director of the Berkman Center, stated in 2011: "We aspire to establish a system whereby all Americans can gain access to information and knowledge in digital formats in a manner that is 'free to all.' It is by no means a plan to replace libraries, but rather to create a common resource for libraries and patrons of all types.”[5] The DPLA links service hubs, including twelve major state and regional digital libraries or library collaborations, as well as sixteen content hubs that maintain a one-to-one relationship with DPLA.[6][7] The Banned Book Club[edit] In July 2023, in response to the considerable number of books banned or challenged in the United States, the DPLA launched The Banned Book Club.[8] The online resource allows readers to check out books banned by local libraries. The service uses GPS to determine a user's location and allows them to freely access the exact books that have been banned in their local area.[9] John S. Bracken, the executive director of the DPLA, said they created The Banned Book Club to ensure every American has access to books they want to read: "Today book bans are one of the greatest threats to our freedom".[10] Board of directors[edit] In September 2012, an inaugural Board of Directors was appointed to guide the DPLA: Cathy Casserly, CEO of Creative Commons; Paul Courant, Dean of Libraries and Professor of Information at the University of Michigan; Laura DeBonis, Former Director of Library Partnerships for Google Book Search; Luis Herrera, City Librarian for San Francisco; and John Palfrey, Head of School at Phillips Academy Andover, who served as board chairman.[11] In 2015, Palfrey was succeeded as chairman by Amy Ryan of the Boston Public Library and Jennifer 8. Lee became a board member.[12] Daniel J. Cohen was appointed as the founding Executive Director in March 2013.[13] History[edit] 2012 Project Steering Committee[edit] A steering committee led the planning phase of the DPLA initiative from inception through its launch in 2013. Members of the project's Steering Committee included Harvard University's Robert Darnton, Maura Marx, and John Palfrey; Paul Courant of University of Michigan, Carla Hayden then of Baltimore's Enoch Pratt Free Library and subsequently the Librarian of Congress, Charles J. Henry of the US Council on Library and Information Resources, Luis Herrera of San Francisco Public Library, Susan Hildreth of the US government Institute of Museum and Library Services (who stepped down from the Steering Committee to avoid a conflict of interest related to funding from IMLS), Brewster Kahle, Michael A. Keller of Stanford University, Carl Malamud, consultant Deanna B. Marcum, Jerome McGann, Dwight McInvaill of Georgetown County Library in South Carolina, Peggy Rudd of the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Amy Ryan of the Boston Public Library, David Spadafora of the Newberry Library in Chicago, and Doron Weber of the Sloan Foundation.[14] Others working on the project included Harvard University's David Weinberger.[15] Critiques[edit] Critiques of the project during its planning phase included its vagueness, lack of internal cohesion, potentially redundant overlap with similar efforts (such as Project Gutenberg), and potential to redirect financial support away from existing public libraries.[16] It has been suggested that in contrast to the brick-and-mortar public library, a digital public library may not be suitable for providing adult literacy training or fostering young children's cognitive development.[17] Concern that the project would harm funding for traditional public libraries was acknowledged in the statement of Peggy Rudd, a member of the Steering Committee, that "the Chief Officers of State Library Agencies passed a resolution at their May 11, 2011 meeting asking the steering committee to reconsider the name Digital Public Library of America, fearing that the inclusion of the word 'public' would have the unintended consequence of giving local governments the excuse to reduce public library funding".[18] Projects discussed in planning phase[edit] Participants in the planning phase of the DPLA established a publicly accessible wiki[19] which outlines "workstreams" ("Audience and Participation", "Content and Scope", "Financial/Business Models", "Governance", "Legal Issues," "Technical Aspects") and corresponding listserves. A proposed future project of the DPLA is the idea of the Scannebago, a mobile scanning unit that would travel the United States in order to digitize and curate local historical materials.[20] Harvard University staff, led by project's managing director Maura Marx and principal investigator John Palfrey, coordinated a broad-based team that built the DPLA's digital library platform, which launched on April 18, 2013.[21] In June 2013, the DPLA announced a partnership with HathiTrust to provide access to the latter's digital materials.[22] See also[edit] DigitalNZ Europeana Internet Public Library Miami-Dade Public Library System Digital Collections Stanford Digital Library Project Trove, the Australian equivalent World Digital Library References[edit] ^ a b O'Leary, M. (2013). "The digital public library of America opens its doors". Information Today. 30 (7): 20–21. ^ G. Kumar and S. Li (May 26, 2011). "Digitizing Knowledge: Harvard-supported Digital Public Library of America looks to share intellectual wealth of top research libraries". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 29 April 2012. ^ "Funding and Support". Archived from the original on 12 April 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014. ^ Devin Coldewey (5 April 2012). "Nonprofit "Digital Public Library Of America" To Launch In April 2013". TechCrunch. Retrieved 29 April 2012. ^ Hane, Paula J. (June 16, 2011). "Update on the Digital Public Library of America". Information Today. ^ Howard, Digital Public Library of America: Young but Well Connected ^ Digital Public Library of America. "Hubs." Accessed February 28, 2014 ^ Hauari, Gabe (July 26, 2023). "New app allows you to access books banned in your area: What to know about Banned Book Club". USA Today. ^ Bridges, C.A. (July 21, 2023). "Florida book ban surge got you down? Here's how a free app has you covered close to home". The Florida Times-Union. ^ Parker, Christopher (July 25, 2023). "Readers Can Now Access Books Banned in Their Area for Free With New App". Smithsonian. ^ "Berkman Center for Internet & Society". USA: Harvard University. Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2013-02-14. ^ "Digital Public Library of America Announces New Partnerships, Initiatives, and Milestones". USA: Digital Public Library of America. Archived from the original on 2017-11-26. Retrieved 2015-04-18. ^ Enis, Matt. "Q&A: Dan Cohen on His Role as the Founding Executive Director of DPLA". The Digital Shift. Library Journal. Retrieved 14 March 2013. ^ "Steering Committee". Digital Public Library of America website. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012. ^ David Weinberger (4 January 2012). "Starting on the platform for the Digital Public Library of America". Joho the Blog. Retrieved 29 April 2012. ^ Nicholas Carr (2012). "The Library of Utopia". Technology Review (May/June). MIT. Retrieved 27 April 2012. ^ Susan Flannery (November 1, 2012). Digitizing the Culture of Print: The Digital Public Library of America and Other Urgent Projects. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Communications Forum. 43:25 minutes in. Retrieved November 8, 2012. These are not the clientele for the DPLA ^ Dillon, Cy (2012). "Planning the Digital Public Library of America". College & Undergraduate Libraries. 19 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1080/10691316.2012.652556. S2CID 62652281. ^ "Main Page: Welcome to the Digital Public Library of America planning initiative wiki!". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2022. ^ Brandes, Jordan (12 October 2012). "Looking to the Future of Digital Libraries". American Libraries. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2013. ^ Digital Public Library of America (March 2012). "Concept Note (as of March, 2012)". Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012. ^ "HathiTrust to partner with DPLA". DPLA. June 18, 2013. Further reading[edit] Esther Yi (26 July 2012). "Inside the Quest to Put the World's Libraries Online". The Atlantic. Sydell, Laura (19 August 2013). Combining The Nation's Digitized Libraries, All In One Place (Audio). All Tech Considered. National Public Radio. Retrieved 30 December 2014. Boekesteijn, Erik (June 9, 2013). TWIL #98: Dan Cohen (Director of the Digital Public Library of America, DPLA) (Video podcast). This Week In Libraries. Delft, Netherlands: Shanachie Media. Retrieved June 11, 2013. Brantley, Peter (30 April 2012). "At West Coast Meeting, Digital Public Library of America Begins to Take Shape". Publishers Weekly. Carr, Nicholas (May–June 2012). "The Library of Utopia". Technology Review. MIT. Darnton, Robert (May 22, 2014), "A World Digital Library Is Coming True", New York Review of Books Hill, Nate (15 June 2011). "Thoughts from the DPLA meeting in DC". PLA Blog: official blog of the Public Library Association. American Library Association. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2012. Howard, Jennifer. "Digital Library of America, 7-Month-Old Superaggregator 1 Ambitious Library Venture Makes Cross-Country Connections," Chronicle of Higher Education Dec 9, 2013 Palfrey, John (November 26, 2012). "Building a Digital Public Library of America". The Digital Shift. Rothman, David H. (February 24, 2011). "It's Time for a National Digital-Library System: But it can't serve only elites". The Chronicle Review. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Rothman, David H. (May 23, 2011). "A Point-Counterpoint on the Digital Public Library of America". Library journal. Rothman, David H. (June 16, 2011). "Digital Public Library of America - can it live up to its huge potential". LLRX. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011. Schnapp, Jeffrey; Matthew Battles (2014). Library Beyond the Book. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72503-4. (mentions DPLA) Yelton, Andromeda (April 6, 2012). "My first hackathon; or, gender, status, code, and sitting at the table". andromedayelton.com. "Copyright Laws Slow DPLA". The Harvard Crimson. December 7, 2012. Palfrey, John (2015). Biblio TECH: Why Libraries Matter More Than Ever in the Age of Google. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Digital Public Library of America. Official website Digital Public Library of America submissions for "beta sprint," 2011 (proposals for software development) Flickr. Photo of hackathon, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2012 Samuel Klein (2012). "DPLA: Building a national library that anyone can edit". Wikimania 2012. Washington, DC. Retrieved 20 May 2012. The National Digital Public Library Is Launched! April 25, 2013 New York Review of Books Cohen, Dan (2016-03-19). The Digital Commons. The Open Mind (Television production). Hosted by Alexander Heffner. Newark: THIRTEEN. Retrieved 2016-03-24. Education Guide to DPLA Using DPLA's Primary Source Sets The Family Research Guide to DPLA The Guide to Lifelong Learning with DPLA The Scholarly Research Guide to DPLA DPLA Developer Resources Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Germany Israel United States

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE U.S. AND THE SPOKANE INDIANS

"Spokane Indian Woman,1899" by Frank LaRoche is in the public domain.

Articles of agreement made and concluded at Spokane Falls, in the Territory of Washington, the 18th day of March, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, by and between John V. Wright, Jarred W. Daniels, and Henry W. Andrews, Commissioners duly appointed and authorized, on the part of the United States, and the undersigned, Chiefs, Head-man and other Indians of the Upper and Middle bands of Spokane Indians, they being authorized to act for said bands by them.

Article 1
The aforesaid bands of Spokane Indians hereby cede to the United States all right, title, and claim which they now have, or ever had, to any and all lands lying outside of the Indian reservations in Washington and Idaho Territories, and they hereby agree to remove to and settle upon the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in the Territory of Idaho.

Article 2
It is further agreed by the parties hereto, that said Indians will be permitted to select their farms and homes on a tract of land to be laid off and surveyed and the boundaries marked in a plain and substantial manner under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, on said Coeur d'Alene Reservation, provided that in laying out said tract of land, the lands taken and occupied by the Indians now on said Coeur d'Alene Reservation shall not be interfered with; and it is further agreed that said Spokane Indians will take lands in severalty under and according to an act of Congress entitled "An act to provide for the allotments of land in severalty to Indians on the various reservations and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes," which act was passed and approved during the second Session of the Forty-ninth Congress, and is known as the Allotment act.

Article 3
It is further agreed that the homes and lands selected, as provided for in the foregoing article, are to be and remain the permanent homes of the Indians, parties hereto, and their children forever.

Article 4
It is further agreed that in case any Indian or Indians, parties hereto, have settled upon any of the unoccupied lands of the United States outside of said reservation, and have made improvements thereon with the intention of perfecting title to the same under the homestead, pre-emption, or other laws of the United States, and residing on the same at the date of the signing of this agreement, he or they shall not be deprived of any right acquired by said settlement, improvement, or occupancy by reason of signing this agreement or removal to said Coeur d'Alene Reservation, and said tract or tracts of land shall continue to be held by said parties, and the same patented to them by the United States

Article 5
In consideration of the foregoing cessions and agreements the United States agrees to expend for the benefit of said Indians, parties hereto, the sum of ninety-five thousand dollars as follows, to wit: For the first year, thirty thousand dollars; for the second year, twenty thousand dollars, and for each succeeding year thereafter for eight (8) years, five thousand dollars, said money to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior in the removal of the said Indians to the Coeur d'Alene Reservation, in erecting suitable houses, in assisting them in breaking lands, in furnishing them with cattle, seeds, and agricultural implements, saw and grist mills, thrashing-machines, mowers, clothing; provisions; in taking care of the old, sick, and infirm; in affording educational facilities, and in any other manner tending to their civilization and self-support: Provided, That in case any of the money herein provided for is not used or expended in any year for which the same is appropriated, said the Indians, parties hereto, to be used for their benefit under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior.

Article 6
It is further agreed that in addition to the foregoing provisions the United States shall employ and furnish a blacksmith and a carpenter to do necessary work and to instruct the Indians, parties hereto, in those trades.

Article 7
It is further agreed that in the employment of carpenters, blacksmiths, teamsters, farmers, or laborers, preference shall in all cases be given to Indians, parties hereto, who are qualified to perform the work or labor.

Article 8
In order to encourage said Indians in taking allotments of land, and in preparing the same for cultivation, it agreed that when all of said Indians shall have selected and shall have broken five acres or more on each farm, the sum of $5,000 in money shall be given them out of the funds herein provided and distributed pro rata among them, provided that in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, a pro rata payment out of said fund may be made to any ten families who shall have complied with the provisions of this article as to breaking land.

Article 9
In consideration of the ages of Chiefs Louis, Spokane Garry, Paull Schulhault, Antarchan, and Enoch, the United States agrees, in addition to the other benefits herein provided, to pay to each of them for ten years the sum of $100 per annum.

Article 10
In case any Indian or Indians, parties hereto, shall prefer and elect to remove either to the Colville or Jocko Reservations, instead of the Coeur d'Alene Reservation, and shall give reasonable notice of the same, after the ratification of this agreement by Congress, he or they shall be permitted to do so, and shall receive a pro rata share of all the benefits provided for in this agreement.

Article 11
This agreement shall not be binding on either party until the same is ratified by Congress.

In testimony whereof the said John V. Wright, Jarred W. Daniels, and Henry W. Andrews, on the part of the United States, and the chiefs, head-men, and other Indians, on the part of the Indians, parties hereto, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals the 15th day of March, A.D. 1887.

Current Page: 1

GRADE:11

Additional Information:

Rating: Words in the Passage: 1890 Unique Words: 322 Sentences: 20
Noun: 342 Conjunction: 120 Adverb: 22 Interjection: 0
Adjective: 27 Pronoun: 22 Verb: 181 Preposition: 177
Letter Count: 4,761 Sentiment: Positive Tone: Formal Difficult Words: 190
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