Space Compilation: Crash Course Kids - By Crash Course Kids
Transcript
| 00:0-1 | space . It's really cool actually , it's really cold | |
| 00:03 | and really big and really awesome . Space has inspired | |
| 00:06 | a lot of us to do a lot of really | |
| 00:08 | cool things , but probably one of the best things | |
| 00:10 | that inspired many of us to do is just simply | |
| 00:13 | learn about it . The more we learn about stars | |
| 00:15 | , other planets , Galaxies , and asteroids , the | |
| 00:18 | more we learn about the universe and even ourselves . | |
| 00:21 | So let's start this off by talking about one specific | |
| 00:24 | star one that's really close to us . Pop quiz | |
| 00:31 | . What's the closest star to Earth it's called Soul | |
| 00:35 | ? Never heard of it . You say ? Sure | |
| 00:36 | you have , Soul is the Sun , ancient romans | |
| 00:40 | who once worshipped the Sun called its Soul and its | |
| 00:43 | become the kind of official scientific name for the sun | |
| 00:46 | . It's where the term solar system comes from . | |
| 00:48 | Seoul or the sun is the star at the center | |
| 00:51 | of our eight planet solar system that provides us with | |
| 00:54 | energy without the sun , earth would be a dark | |
| 00:58 | frozen world with no life . But how does the | |
| 01:01 | sun's energy get to us ? Well , first , | |
| 01:07 | let's talk about what the sun is . It's a | |
| 01:10 | five billion year old big ball of superhot gas . | |
| 01:14 | The hottest part of the sun is its core or | |
| 01:16 | center , which is about 15 million degrees Celsius . | |
| 01:22 | So its surface is not quite as hot , but | |
| 01:24 | it's still almost 5600 degrees Celsius , which is pretty | |
| 01:29 | toasty if you ask me . And as for its | |
| 01:31 | size , the sun is so huge , you can | |
| 01:34 | line up over 100 earths along the face of it | |
| 01:37 | and more than a million earths could fit inside it | |
| 01:41 | . But the sun sizes and what makes it seem | |
| 01:42 | so big and bright to us on Earth , it's | |
| 01:45 | because it's so close to us that it seems way | |
| 01:48 | , way , way , way bigger and brighter than | |
| 01:50 | other stars . So , you know that the sun | |
| 01:53 | is hot and bright and that heat and light are | |
| 01:55 | both kinds of energy that we get from the sun | |
| 01:58 | . Let's take a look at a model to see | |
| 01:59 | how the sun's energy gets from good old soul to | |
| 02:02 | our planet . Mm Here's the sun . Energy is | |
| 02:08 | created in it's super hot , 15 million degree core | |
| 02:12 | . That energy then travels outward from the core to | |
| 02:15 | the surface of the sun . But this journey from | |
| 02:17 | the center of the sun to its surface can take | |
| 02:20 | over 100,000 years to complete . But once the energy | |
| 02:25 | deep inside the sun finally gets to the surface , | |
| 02:28 | it travels as light and heat all the way to | |
| 02:30 | Earth . In fact , it only takes about eight | |
| 02:33 | minutes for light to travel approximately 150 million kilometers through | |
| 02:38 | space to Earth over here . That's not such a | |
| 02:42 | long time . So to sum up , energy is | |
| 02:48 | created in the sun's core . It travels very slowly | |
| 02:52 | to the sun's surface before it takes a super speedy | |
| 02:54 | trip to earth in the form of light and heat | |
| 02:57 | and you and I can see and feel that energy | |
| 03:00 | as sunlight without the heat and light we get from | |
| 03:03 | the sun , Earth would be just a frozen ball | |
| 03:05 | floating around in space , which would be a total | |
| 03:09 | bummer . So thanks soul , you're a real star | |
| 03:13 | . So yeah , the sun is big , Really | |
| 03:15 | big . But understanding the universe is sometimes about perspective | |
| 03:19 | , the sun is big to us . Sure , | |
| 03:21 | But it's nothing compared to the galaxy or even some | |
| 03:24 | of the other stars and compared to the universe . | |
| 03:27 | Well , our son is pretty tiny compared to the | |
| 03:29 | universe because the universe is huge . How huge the | |
| 03:36 | universe is big . Really big , bigger than that | |
| 03:41 | . No , you're not thinking big enough , It's | |
| 03:43 | so massive that it makes my brain hurt . It's | |
| 03:46 | so ginormous . Wee teeny tiny humans can barely just | |
| 03:51 | barely get our brains to comprehend it . But just | |
| 03:54 | because we can't really fully understand how big the universe | |
| 03:58 | is , doesn't mean it's not important . The universe | |
| 04:01 | is our home . We should at least poke around | |
| 04:03 | . So how big is the universe ? Let's start | |
| 04:11 | off with our cosmic address . That's where we live | |
| 04:14 | in the universe . You could say my current cosmic | |
| 04:16 | address is the crash course kids studio , Toronto , | |
| 04:19 | Canada North America Earth , the solar system , the | |
| 04:22 | Milky Way Galaxy , the observable universe , the universe | |
| 04:25 | . Knowing our cosmic address helps us understand where the | |
| 04:28 | things in the sky are things like stars , asteroids | |
| 04:32 | , planets , even other Galaxies . Every time we | |
| 04:34 | go up and out A level in our cosmic address | |
| 04:37 | , the actual space we're talking about gets more spacious | |
| 04:41 | distances in space are so large that scientists had to | |
| 04:44 | come up with a whole new way of measuring them | |
| 04:46 | . You can't talk about space using miles or kilometers | |
| 04:49 | . The numbers get so big that they just sound | |
| 04:51 | like nonsense . That's where a light year comes in | |
| 04:54 | . It sounds like a measure of time because it | |
| 04:56 | has the word year in it . But it's really | |
| 04:58 | a measure of distance . Light is the fastest thing | |
| 05:01 | we know in the whole universe , clocking in at | |
| 05:04 | a whopping 300,000 kilometers per second in one second , | |
| 05:08 | light can travel around the Earth , the whole Earth | |
| 05:11 | seven times . It's moving so fast . Our brains | |
| 05:15 | can't detect that it's moving at all . So , | |
| 05:17 | a light year is the distance that light can travel | |
| 05:19 | in one year . Does your head hurt yet ? | |
| 05:22 | Well , buckle up because we're just getting started back | |
| 05:25 | to our big question , how big is this universe | |
| 05:28 | of ours ? Nobody knows . Really . That's pretty | |
| 05:31 | weird . Right ? Well , that's partly because the | |
| 05:34 | only part of the universe we know about is what | |
| 05:36 | we call our observable universe . The parts that we | |
| 05:39 | can actually see or observe in any direction . Some | |
| 05:43 | things are so far away that light from those objects | |
| 05:46 | haven't even reached us yet . That is the limit | |
| 05:49 | of our observable universe . Beyond that , we don't | |
| 05:51 | know what's out there . But even sticking to the | |
| 05:54 | observable universe , we're going to need to scale things | |
| 05:56 | way down to understand any of it . Mm Let's | |
| 06:03 | try to visualize our cosmic address on a scale that | |
| 06:06 | we can handle . Let's use this room as our | |
| 06:08 | scale . It's about 10 m by 10 m the | |
| 06:10 | size of an average classroom . If the sun were | |
| 06:13 | the size of this room , the Earth would be | |
| 06:15 | about this big . Okay , not too crazy . | |
| 06:18 | Now , imagine our whole solar system where the size | |
| 06:21 | of this room , this would be the sun . | |
| 06:24 | Don't see anything . That's because it's just a grain | |
| 06:27 | of salt . A grain of salt . Yeah , | |
| 06:29 | that's our son . And the Earth's orbit around the | |
| 06:32 | Sun would be about the size of this disk at | |
| 06:35 | this scale . The Earth is just a microscopic bacterium | |
| 06:38 | . We can't even see it at this size . | |
| 06:40 | Our whole big , huge solar system is just a | |
| 06:44 | grain of salt . Now , what if the entire | |
| 06:47 | Milky Way Galaxy with the size of this room ? | |
| 06:49 | Our solar neighborhood would be this big . Oh boy | |
| 06:53 | . Now for the finale , the biggest thing we | |
| 06:56 | know the observable universe . Imagine the observable universe is | |
| 07:00 | this room ? Can you spot the Milky Way , | |
| 07:03 | nope , It's just way too small . It's not | |
| 07:05 | that it's just unsuitable , it's smaller than microscopic . | |
| 07:08 | The whole Milky Way . Are you dizzy ? I'm | |
| 07:11 | dizzy . So that gives you an idea of the | |
| 07:13 | size of the things in the universe . But what | |
| 07:16 | about the size of the space ? You know that | |
| 07:18 | the Sun is the closest star to the Earth ? | |
| 07:20 | But what is the second closest that would be Proxima | |
| 07:23 | centauri . It's 4.24 light years away . That means | |
| 07:28 | it takes light from that star . Four years to | |
| 07:31 | reach us . By comparison , it takes the sun's | |
| 07:33 | like eight minutes to get to Earth . If you | |
| 07:35 | want to visit the sun's closest star friend traveling in | |
| 07:38 | the fastest object humans have ever built , it would | |
| 07:41 | still take 19,000 years to get there . And that's | |
| 07:45 | only 4.24 light years away . The observable universe is | |
| 07:49 | are you ready for this 93 billion light years across | |
| 07:54 | ? Even using light years , It's so big , | |
| 07:56 | it still sounds kind of like nonsense . Huh ? | |
| 08:03 | So space ! It's big . Really big , mind | |
| 08:06 | bogglingly big , but it's also our home . Even | |
| 08:09 | if we're just unbelievably small little things floating on a | |
| 08:13 | speck of dust in a teeny tiny galaxy , we're | |
| 08:16 | still here and we know where we are in the | |
| 08:19 | universe and that's pretty awesome . But I think I | |
| 08:23 | need to go lie down now . Okay , now | |
| 08:25 | that we have a little perspective , let's start looking | |
| 08:27 | a little deeper into the stars . Stars aren't all | |
| 08:30 | like our sun , actually , they're all really different | |
| 08:33 | from white dwarfs to red . Supergiant stars have all | |
| 08:36 | kinds of appearances and personalities . My brain still hurts | |
| 08:44 | from last time . It's like intergalactic whiplash , you | |
| 08:47 | too . But there's a reason we zoom through the | |
| 08:49 | mega giant , unbelievably huge vastness of space . It | |
| 08:53 | helps us understand how big the universe really is , | |
| 08:56 | not just how big it appears from our perspective down | |
| 08:59 | here on our itty bitty Earth . If you glance | |
| 09:01 | up at the night sky , the stars seem like | |
| 09:03 | they're all on the same plane that is at the | |
| 09:05 | same distance from earth and the stars all seem pretty | |
| 09:09 | similar . But don't let your eyes fool you . | |
| 09:11 | Some stars are relatively close , just four or so | |
| 09:14 | light years away and some are hundreds of thousands of | |
| 09:18 | light years away . The furthest stars are billions of | |
| 09:21 | light years away , billions people . And in the | |
| 09:24 | big huge space penis of space , there's a lot | |
| 09:27 | of room for variety , even in our galaxy . | |
| 09:29 | The Milky Way , there's a wide range of stars | |
| 09:32 | so stop stereotyping them . Let's take a look what | |
| 09:35 | are the different kinds of stars . Well , scientists | |
| 09:42 | organized stars by their color and size , which also | |
| 09:45 | happens to be how I organize my rock collection . | |
| 09:47 | We've learned that stars glow because they create energy through | |
| 09:50 | nuclear fusion . But not all stars produce the same | |
| 09:53 | amount of energy and stars can produce different amounts of | |
| 09:56 | energy throughout their lifetimes . I mean they're not alive | |
| 09:59 | , but in a sense , stars are born , | |
| 10:01 | grow up age and eventually die once they burned through | |
| 10:04 | all of the hydrogen in their core and don't feel | |
| 10:07 | bad . This all happens over billions and billions of | |
| 10:10 | years Now . First thing to remember , stars that | |
| 10:12 | produce less energy glow red . These stars are relatively | |
| 10:16 | cool with a surface of about 2760 degrees Celsius , | |
| 10:21 | but the very hottest stars in the universe glow blue | |
| 10:24 | white . Put on your shades because these stars can | |
| 10:27 | have a surface temperature of over 30,000 degrees Celsius . | |
| 10:31 | Our son , by the way , is a perfect | |
| 10:33 | Mello Yello temperature right in the middle , with a | |
| 10:35 | surface temperature around 10,000 degrees . Stars also come in | |
| 10:39 | a range of sizes , the smallest known stars . | |
| 10:41 | Just a little bit bigger than jupiter . Pretty small | |
| 10:43 | , considering you could fit about 1000 jupiter's inside our | |
| 10:46 | son . Meanwhile , the largest star that we know | |
| 10:48 | of is many hundreds of times larger than the sun | |
| 10:51 | . If it were in our solar system , it | |
| 10:52 | would extend past Saturn's orbit . Once again , our | |
| 10:55 | son is in the middle of this range . We're | |
| 10:57 | in a real life goldilocks situation here . So now | |
| 10:59 | that we know how stars are classified , let's see | |
| 11:02 | if we can identify two of our star neighbors . | |
| 11:04 | I've got the perfect stars in mind . A foot | |
| 11:07 | and an armpit . Oh , have you met Orion | |
| 11:11 | ? Mm . He's one of the most recognizable constellations | |
| 11:16 | and he's got two body parts that are made from | |
| 11:18 | totally different kinds of stars . Remember Beetlejuice ? We | |
| 11:21 | talked about this star in a previous episode , it's | |
| 11:23 | the right shoulder , some people like me call it | |
| 11:25 | the armpit of Orion and let me introduce you to | |
| 11:28 | reschedule , Orion's left foot , Beetlejuice and Rachel are | |
| 11:30 | both in our home galaxy . The Milky Way , | |
| 11:33 | take a look at this picture of Orion based on | |
| 11:35 | the evidence that you can see , which would you | |
| 11:37 | argue is hotter . Does one star look kind of | |
| 11:40 | reddish and another kind of blew you smarty pants ? | |
| 11:43 | I bet you already guessed the answer . Beetlejuice , | |
| 11:45 | the armpit star is a red supergiant , it's much | |
| 11:48 | , much cooler than Rydell and sadly it's nearing the | |
| 11:51 | end of its starry life on the other hand , | |
| 11:53 | or Foot Rij Eliza , blue white supergiant star , | |
| 11:57 | this star is in the prime of its life , | |
| 11:59 | burning super hot and super bright , but stick around | |
| 12:02 | a few million years and Rachel will probably start to | |
| 12:05 | look like Beetlejuice red and cool now since Rachel shines | |
| 12:09 | more brightly , you might assume that it's closer to | |
| 12:11 | us and that would be a great guest . But | |
| 12:13 | using brightness to judge distance can be tricky . Rydell | |
| 12:16 | has much greater true brightness or luminosity than Beetlejuice . | |
| 12:20 | So the foot outshines the armpit . So in summary | |
| 12:27 | , a star isn't just a star from here on | |
| 12:30 | earth . The stars may look similar , but you | |
| 12:32 | know better now they come in different colors and different | |
| 12:34 | sizes . You could say they've got their own personality | |
| 12:37 | stars , they're just like us except millions or billions | |
| 12:42 | of miles away and gigantic . They're not really like | |
| 12:46 | us now that we've talked about stars and their places | |
| 12:48 | in the universe . Let's have a look at a | |
| 12:50 | couple of episodes that show us how we have used | |
| 12:52 | the stars throughout history to both help us tell stories | |
| 12:55 | and actually guide us like points on a map . | |
| 12:57 | I'm talking about constellations now you might be thinking , | |
| 13:03 | but we've already learned about stars . Well you're right | |
| 13:07 | or at least you've been paying attention . But we | |
| 13:09 | learned about individual stars basically how they do what they | |
| 13:13 | do as solo acts out there in the universe . | |
| 13:15 | But what happens when a bunch of stars band together | |
| 13:18 | to form a supergroup , sort of like the Avengers | |
| 13:21 | of the night sky ? Well then they're called a | |
| 13:24 | constellation . Today we'll talk about these groups of stars | |
| 13:27 | and why they're so important to astronomers besides being just | |
| 13:30 | plain cool or hot , you know what I mean | |
| 13:33 | ? So what exactly is a constellation ? A consolation | |
| 13:40 | is a cluster of stars in the sky that have | |
| 13:42 | been grouped together in a pattern or shape and have | |
| 13:44 | been given a name . But before we take a | |
| 13:46 | closer look at consolations , let's review what a star | |
| 13:49 | is . Remember a star is a bright object in | |
| 13:51 | space that gives off light through energy that it makes | |
| 13:53 | in its core . The sun is the most famous | |
| 13:56 | star to us , Earthlings . We've already talked about | |
| 13:58 | a few other well known stars though . Like bright | |
| 14:01 | Beetlejuice , astronomers use bright stars like Beetlejuice as markers | |
| 14:04 | in the sky to help find other less bright objects | |
| 14:07 | in space . For example , if you are looking | |
| 14:09 | for a dim star like Sirius B , you might | |
| 14:11 | have to look for a long time to spot it | |
| 14:13 | among the many , many , many many other stars | |
| 14:17 | in the sky . But if you're able to spot | |
| 14:20 | a much brighter star like Sirius A . And you | |
| 14:23 | know that Sirius B . Is located to the lower | |
| 14:25 | left of serious A . Then it will be much | |
| 14:28 | easier to find serious . Be like I said , | |
| 14:30 | there are so many stars in the sky that trying | |
| 14:33 | to spot just one can be tough , especially if | |
| 14:36 | it's not near a bright one like Beetlejuice or serious | |
| 14:38 | A . That's where constellations come in , astronomers use | |
| 14:42 | constellations to help them better map the night sky . | |
| 14:44 | Think of stars like cities on a map in constellations | |
| 14:47 | like countries finding a large shape in the sky made | |
| 14:49 | of many stars is a lot easier to spot than | |
| 14:52 | trying to find one single spec . Plus there are | |
| 14:54 | only 88 named constellations , which is a much more | |
| 14:57 | reasonable number to deal with than a billion . And | |
| 15:00 | most of the 88 recognized constellations came from the ancient | |
| 15:03 | Greeks . The stars in the constellation aren't related in | |
| 15:06 | any particular way . They just form a shape that | |
| 15:08 | the Greeks used to tell stories about their gods , | |
| 15:10 | goddesses and mythical creatures like flying horses and giant scorpions | |
| 15:15 | . Now that we know what a constellation is , | |
| 15:17 | Why don't we get to know some of the more | |
| 15:19 | famous ones ? Harry potter fans will recognize the name | |
| 15:26 | of our first constellation . Its name means dragon in | |
| 15:29 | latin and also happens to be the name of Harry's | |
| 15:31 | biggest nemesis . Well , second biggest after vault , | |
| 15:35 | he who must not be named . Of course , | |
| 15:37 | yep , it's Draco . According to legend , Draco | |
| 15:40 | was a dragon killed by the goddess Minerva and was | |
| 15:43 | tossed into the sky . Draco is one of 48 | |
| 15:45 | constellations described way back in the second century by Egyptian | |
| 15:48 | astronomer Ptolemy . People have been seeing this dragon like | |
| 15:51 | shape in the night sky for a long time . | |
| 15:54 | Consolations aren't just named after creatures though . Some are | |
| 15:57 | named after mythical people , particularly gods and goddesses . | |
| 16:01 | One of the more well known greek gods has his | |
| 16:03 | own consolation and a Disney movie , I'll give you | |
| 16:06 | a hint . He'll go the distance . It's Hercules | |
| 16:09 | the stars and the Hercules constellation take the shape of | |
| 16:12 | the mighty hero as if he's holding a bow after | |
| 16:14 | just releasing an arrow , you go . Hercules . | |
| 16:17 | The name of our next notable consolation also makes an | |
| 16:19 | appearance in the Hercules movie as a super cute winged | |
| 16:22 | horse . Say hello to Pegasus . According to greek | |
| 16:25 | mythology . Hercules never actually rode Pegasus like in the | |
| 16:28 | movie , but the flying horse did spend some time | |
| 16:30 | with Zeus , King of the Gods . Zeus like | |
| 16:32 | Pegasus so much , he transformed him into a consolation | |
| 16:35 | and place him in the night sky for everyone to | |
| 16:38 | see . Now you're familiar with at least three of | |
| 16:40 | the 88 constellations in our sky . Only 85 more | |
| 16:43 | to go as the earth rotates , you'll see Draco | |
| 16:45 | Hercules and Pegasus plus all the other constellations over the | |
| 16:49 | course of a year , but more on when and | |
| 16:50 | where you can see the constellations in the next episode | |
| 16:57 | . So now you know what a star is and | |
| 16:59 | that a cluster of stars in the sky that are | |
| 17:01 | grouped together in a particular pattern is called a constellation | |
| 17:04 | . Besides having really cool shapes and stories behind their | |
| 17:08 | names , constellations help astronomers and us map the night | |
| 17:11 | sky since space is so huge and massive and enormous | |
| 17:15 | , our map is far from complete . So anything | |
| 17:18 | that helps us navigate that vast well , space of | |
| 17:22 | space is okay by me . People have been studying | |
| 17:28 | the skies for centuries and who can blame them . | |
| 17:30 | It is beautiful up there on any given clear night | |
| 17:33 | . There are probably more than 2000 stars that you | |
| 17:37 | can see and that's without a telescope way before telescopes | |
| 17:40 | were even invented , ancient astronomers track the movement of | |
| 17:43 | objects in the sky and over time one group of | |
| 17:46 | objects ended up getting a lot of attention . I'm | |
| 17:49 | talking about the 13 constellations that make up something called | |
| 17:52 | the zodiac . So what's the zodiac in which constellations | |
| 17:56 | are part of it ? We'll get to that in | |
| 18:02 | just a sec . But first , do you remember | |
| 18:04 | what a constellation is ? Sure you do ? A | |
| 18:06 | constellation is a cluster of stars in the sky that | |
| 18:08 | are grouped together in a particular pattern and have been | |
| 18:11 | given a name . We've talked about a few famous | |
| 18:13 | constellations before , like Draco , Hercules , Pegasus , | |
| 18:16 | Ursa Major and Crux , but none of these constellations | |
| 18:19 | are part of the zodiac . You might recognize some | |
| 18:22 | of the constellations that Are in the Zodiac though . | |
| 18:25 | Do the names Gemini , Leo or Sagittarius , sound | |
| 18:28 | familiar there among the 13 Zodiac constellations and they actually | |
| 18:32 | form a kind of pattern in the sky . This | |
| 18:34 | pattern makes it easier for observers to know where to | |
| 18:37 | find each constellation throughout the course of the year . | |
| 18:39 | So what are all of the constellations in the zodiac | |
| 18:42 | ? And what pattern do they form ? Let's take | |
| 18:45 | a look mm . You know this guy , High | |
| 18:51 | Earth at the beginning of the year , january , | |
| 18:53 | the constellation of Sagittarius is highly visible to us on | |
| 18:56 | earth . The Greeks called Sagittarius , the archer , | |
| 18:59 | because it looks like , well , a guy shooting | |
| 19:02 | a bow and arrow . Capricorn is is also highly | |
| 19:04 | visible in january toward the end of the month . | |
| 19:06 | It's sometimes called the sea goat , since it happens | |
| 19:09 | to have the head of a goat and the tail | |
| 19:11 | of a fish , which is not something you see | |
| 19:14 | every day . Next up in february is Aquarius or | |
| 19:17 | the water bearer , a group of ancient people called | |
| 19:20 | the Babylonians thought that this group of stars look like | |
| 19:23 | an old man pouring water from a picture . Moving | |
| 19:25 | on to march . This is pisces or the fishes | |
| 19:28 | . Pisces represents venus , a roman goddess who is | |
| 19:31 | said to have turned into a fish and jumped into | |
| 19:33 | a river to escape . An evil monster are eases | |
| 19:35 | up in april . In greek mythology , Arias was | |
| 19:38 | a ram with wings . The constellation of Taurus , | |
| 19:41 | visible in May looks like a bull . It's named | |
| 19:43 | for the roman god jupiter who could supposedly turn himself | |
| 19:46 | into a bowl when he swam june's prominent constellation . | |
| 19:49 | Gemini is sometimes called the twins because it reminded the | |
| 19:53 | ancient Greeks of the twin sons of Zeus cancer , | |
| 19:56 | which you can see pretty well in july is called | |
| 19:58 | the crab because that's what it reminded some folks of | |
| 20:01 | august's constellation is called leo and looks like a ferocious | |
| 20:05 | lions . CNN september Virgo is called the maiden , | |
| 20:08 | since it looks like a lady holding grain , which | |
| 20:10 | symbolize the harvest to the Greeks and the romans , | |
| 20:13 | This constellation of libra appears in october when days and | |
| 20:16 | nights are roughly equal and is considered a symbol of | |
| 20:19 | balance . I bet you can guess what scorpius is | |
| 20:21 | named for , yep , it looks like a scorpion | |
| 20:24 | finishing off the year . In late november is off | |
| 20:26 | the mucus , which was once called serpentine various because | |
| 20:29 | it looked like a man holding a serpent or a | |
| 20:31 | snake . Hey , better him than me ! All | |
| 20:33 | right now that you've met all of the constellations in | |
| 20:36 | the zodiac , let's light them up and see if | |
| 20:38 | we can spot a pattern looks like a circle to | |
| 20:40 | me . And here's a fun fact . Zodiac loosely | |
| 20:43 | translates to circle of animals or circle of life in | |
| 20:46 | greek . So the zodiac isn't just a random bunch | |
| 20:52 | of stars , it's a group of constellations that form | |
| 20:55 | a circular pattern in the night sky and now you | |
| 20:58 | know which constellations are part of this pattern and that | |
| 21:01 | people have been observing these constellations for centuries . The | |
| 21:05 | zodiac has helped astronomers figure out how other objects travel | |
| 21:08 | in space , objects like the sun and even our | |
| 21:10 | own planet . So constellations are super important for many | |
| 21:14 | , many reasons . We use them as markers to | |
| 21:16 | help us find our direction on Earth , but also | |
| 21:18 | to help us find other stars . It's neat . | |
| 21:21 | But now let's pull this all together and see how | |
| 21:23 | the sun affects how and when we see the zodiac | |
| 21:26 | constellations , which is something that is also neat . | |
| 21:33 | I've still got my eye on the sky , particularly | |
| 21:35 | those 13 constellations in the zodiac that we learned about | |
| 21:38 | earlier . We found out that the zodiac constellations follow | |
| 21:41 | a circular path around our planet . Today we're going | |
| 21:44 | to learn more about where our son falls in this | |
| 21:46 | path . I'll give you a hint . It involves | |
| 21:49 | something called the ecliptic , intriguing . So what is | |
| 21:52 | the ecliptic ? Before we head into imaginary space ? | |
| 21:59 | To find out it's time for a quick , well | |
| 22:01 | crash course on astronomy . You know what a constellation | |
| 22:05 | is . A cluster of stars in the sky that | |
| 22:07 | are grouped together in a particular pattern and have been | |
| 22:09 | given a name . Some of the constellations we visited | |
| 22:11 | so far include Hercules , Pegasus and drago . And | |
| 22:15 | last time we met a group of constellations that formed | |
| 22:18 | something called the zodiac 13 constellations that have been studied | |
| 22:22 | in track since ancient times . The constellations in the | |
| 22:25 | zodiac are all highly visible from Earth during different months | |
| 22:28 | of the year . Starting with Sagittarius in january and | |
| 22:31 | ending with a focus . And last time we saw | |
| 22:33 | how these constellations form a sort of belt like shape | |
| 22:36 | around the Earth . Well this time we're going to | |
| 22:39 | see what the sun's up to while the constellations take | |
| 22:42 | turns popping up in our night sky . Mm Okay | |
| 22:48 | , so there's Earth in the middle of space , | |
| 22:50 | looking good home planet . And here are the zodiac | |
| 22:52 | constellations that surround Earth , but we've got to make | |
| 22:55 | room for another major player in space . You remember | |
| 22:58 | the Son of course Earth scooch over Son , head | |
| 23:01 | to center stage . You're on . Okay . You | |
| 23:04 | already know that Earth rotates on its axis , making | |
| 23:06 | a complete turn in one day while it's rotating , | |
| 23:10 | it also revolves around the Sun making one full trip | |
| 23:13 | around the star every year . This movement of the | |
| 23:15 | Earth also makes it seem as if the sun is | |
| 23:17 | moving through the stars over the course of the year | |
| 23:19 | . This is because during any given month the sun | |
| 23:21 | sits between the Earth and a different zodiac constellation , | |
| 23:24 | but we know the sun's not really moving , it's | |
| 23:27 | the Earth's movement that makes it seem that way . | |
| 23:29 | And astronomers have come up with a nifty way to | |
| 23:31 | track the sun's apparent path through space . They draw | |
| 23:35 | an imaginary line from the Earth through the Sun and | |
| 23:37 | toward the stars beyond it as the earth moves . | |
| 23:40 | So does this line with it while the sun stay | |
| 23:42 | steady in the middle as Earth follows its orbit around | |
| 23:45 | the sun , this imaginary line spins , pointing to | |
| 23:48 | different stars throughout a complete trip around the sun , | |
| 23:51 | forming an imaginary circle , astronomers call this imaginary line | |
| 23:54 | that the zodiac sits on and that tracks the sun's | |
| 23:57 | apparent path through space , The ecliptic . Eventually over | |
| 24:00 | a year the earth will return to Sagittarius where it | |
| 24:03 | started and the cycle or pattern will start all over | |
| 24:06 | again . So that's what the sun is doing . | |
| 24:12 | As one zodiac constellation in the night sky moves to | |
| 24:15 | the next , not a whole lot , it remains | |
| 24:17 | in the same spot while Earth makes its annual journey | |
| 24:20 | . And now you know that even though the sun | |
| 24:21 | is not really moving the path it appears to take | |
| 24:25 | and the path that the zodiac sits upon is what | |
| 24:28 | astronomers call the ecliptic . No one ever said , | |
| 24:30 | understanding what happens in space would be easy . But | |
| 24:33 | isn't it fun to try and that wraps up our | |
| 24:35 | little journey through the cosmos . The universe is big | |
| 24:38 | , the sun is big , stars are big , | |
| 24:41 | it's all big , big , big , big . | |
| 24:44 | But understanding what happens in space is fascinating . Don't | |
| 24:48 | you agree If you enjoyed this , check out the | |
| 24:50 | rest of our channel and subscribe . |
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