Fractions - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12 | Lumos Learning

Fractions - Free Educational videos for Students in k-12


Fractions - By tecmath



Transcript
00:0-1 today in this video we're going to be doing is
00:02 we're going to do something to look at the basics
00:03 of fractions , fractions numbers which are used to describe
00:08 parts of a whole and you'll often see them written
00:11 as follows . I'll write one down right now ,
00:14 three quarters a common fraction . But I'll just go
00:17 through to explain the different parts of the different names
00:20 of what we have when we talk about fractions .
00:22 So first off we have the number up the top
00:25 here and the top number is called the numerator and
00:29 I'll just write that down . Okay , so this
00:31 is called the numerator . The bottom number here is
00:35 called the denominator , the deer nominator . And you'll
00:40 quite often hear people refer to the lowest common denominator
00:43 and things like this . Okay , so we often
00:46 just think of this as top number and bottom number
00:48 , but it's a numerator and the denominator , the
00:51 other part of a fraction that we have here is
00:54 this part here , which is this line here .
00:56 Okay . And this line is called the vin column
01:00 and I know I am going to say that incorrectly
01:02 , the vin column . So just say it twice
01:05 just to really reinforce the incorrect way of probably saying
01:08 it . So often when I think about this middle
01:11 part here , I think about this being divide .
01:13 So I'll show you what I really mean by this
01:15 . When I talk about this , When I think
01:17 about fractions , I think about them being either three
01:20 parts of four or three out of four . But
01:23 if I'm thinking about this sometimes the numbers , I
01:24 also think this has three divided by four and I
01:27 think that's a great way to think about it as
01:29 well . And that helps you if you get stuck
01:32 on fractions because you can work out what the decimal
01:35 of these are just by going three divided by four
01:38 , which is equal to 0.75 . Then further from
01:42 this you can see the relationship to percentage because this
01:45 number is out of one . But if we multiply
01:47 by 100 just to make it a little bit nicer
01:49 , we end up with the percentage which is 75
01:53 percent . So what types of fractions do we have
01:57 now ? I guess the proper fraction is what you
01:59 think of as a normal fraction ? Where we have
02:01 the numerator , the top number being bigger than the
02:04 denominator . So the number we have before three quarters
02:07 was an example of a proper fraction . The numerator
02:11 is bigger than the denominator half would be an example
02:15 of a proper fraction or say something like three fits
02:19 . Okay , these are all examples of proper fractions
02:22 . The numerator is bigger than the denominator . How
02:25 we have another type of fraction which is important to
02:27 know which is called an improper fraction . So improper
02:31 fractions as opposed to proper fractions are fractions where our
02:34 denominator is bigger than our numerator . An example for
02:38 this might be for over three . Okay , four
02:41 out of three . And you might think that's a
02:43 bit counterintuitive . How can you have a bigger number
02:45 out of a smaller number and we'll have a look
02:48 at that in a little bit lighter . Okay .
02:50 Or you might have something like five out of two
02:53 . Any time that you have this numerator bigger than
02:56 the denominator , you have yourself an improper fraction .
02:59 Now we can change an improper fraction too what's known
03:03 as a mixed number . So this leads us to
03:06 another type of fraction which is a mixed number .
03:09 A mixed number is where you have a mixture between
03:11 whole numbers and fractions . Okay , so four out
03:15 of three as a mixed number and I'm gonna show
03:17 you at a different stage how to work this out
03:18 . And they're pretty easy , would be written as
03:21 one and one third or 5/2 Could be written as
03:25 2.5 . Okay . We have an improper fraction which
03:30 can be converted across to a mixed number . So
03:33 just to explain all those different ideas we've gone through
03:36 and how they relate to one another . What about
03:38 I show you on a number line so that this
03:41 number line and it's going along it's gonna start at
03:43 zero . We go along one part , We go
03:47 along another 2 , 2 . We don't need to
03:50 actually go any further to show you what I want
03:52 to show you here . So say let's consider the
03:55 fraction three quarters . Now at the moment this is
03:57 in an improper fraction form . Okay , the numerator
04:01 is bigger than the denominator . So let's actually put
04:04 this on the number line . How do we go
04:06 about doing this between 10 here , divide up this
04:10 many times the amount which is the denominator . So
04:13 we're going to break up between one and zero here
04:15 four times four . Equal parts 1234 We could keep
04:19 going and keep doing it here as well . 1234
04:22 So we can do now is we can go through
04:23 and start putting fractions along our number line here .
04:26 All related to quarters , we could go along one
04:28 part And we have gone one out of four Where
04:31 you go along to party and we're going to out
04:34 of four . We go along another one and we've
04:36 gone three parts out of four . And you're gonna
04:38 see this is the one we wanted to put on
04:41 gonna rub it out because I'm going to keep going
04:42 with this idea here , we've gone four out of
04:45 four . And as I said before , you can
04:46 go , hey , that's 14 out of four is
04:48 equal to 14 divided by four is equal to one
04:52 . Like we said before , we have five out
04:55 of four , we can keep going . We have
04:57 six out of four . We have seven out of
05:00 four . We could go eight out of four .
05:02 Once again , eight divided by four is equal to
05:05 two . All right . So what do we got
05:07 so far ? You can see what we have here
05:09 is a whole bunch of proper fractions . We go
05:13 here and we have a whole bunch of improper fractions
05:17 . So what we could also do is we could
05:19 change all these guys here across to mixed numbers .
05:23 Okay , Because five divided by four is one and
05:27 one left over one out of four . Okay ,
05:29 this is one plus one quarter . Okay , so
05:32 one and a quarter , this is one and two
05:36 quarters , this is one and three quarters , so
05:39 we'll put that one in there and I'll put this
05:40 one in here because that fits as well . This
05:42 is one and three quarters and seven divided by four
05:45 is one with three left over 3/4 . That's pretty
05:49 all right , not too bad . Just leave that
05:51 last thing I want to explain which is I guess
05:54 equivalent fractions . Now , what we also could have
05:57 done is we could have got our number line here
05:59 instead of breaking up before I could have considered halves
06:03 . Now I want to leave this all up here
06:05 because I just want to use it to explain something
06:08 and that is equivalent fractions . So if I was
06:10 to break this up into halves , I start with
06:12 my zero and I would have broken it up like
06:14 this , they can't be breaking it up in two
06:16 halves . Okay , one , there has been halved
06:19 into two equal parts and this part here has been
06:21 halved in technical parts . Now if I was going
06:24 up like this , what you'd see is I'd go
06:26 up one out of two , I would have gone
06:28 up two out of 23 out of 24 out of
06:31 two , but it's just these parts here that I
06:33 want to show you what we have is equivalent fractions
06:36 here . two is twice as big as one and
06:39 four is twice as big as two anyway , hopefully
06:44 that was a great introduction for our fractions for you
06:47 . We'll see you next time . Bye .
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