Math Antics - Types of Fractions - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12 | Lumos Learning

Math Antics - Types of Fractions - Free Educational videos for Students in k-12


Math Antics - Types of Fractions - By mathantics



Transcript
00:03 Uh huh . Now that you know that fractions are
00:07 special numbers written like division problems . We're going to
00:10 learn about some different types of fractions and where they're
00:13 located on the number line because fractions are division problems
00:17 . Their value depends on the top and bottom numbers
00:20 and the relationship between them , there are a few
00:22 basic rules about that relationship that will help us estimate
00:26 the value of a fraction and know about where it
00:28 should be on the number line . The first rule
00:31 is if the top number of a fraction is zero
00:34 , then the value of the fraction is always zero
00:36 . No matter what the bottom number is . For
00:38 example 0/2 and zero over 20,000 are both just zero
00:44 . I like to call these fractions zero fractions .
00:47 You know because because the equal zero , oh and
00:51 by the way , you can never have zero as
00:53 the bottom number of a fraction because you can't divide
00:55 something into zero parts . So don't even try it
00:59 . The next rule is this if the bottom number
01:02 is bigger than the top number , then the value
01:04 of the fraction will be greater than zero , but
01:06 less than one . That means it will be somewhere
01:09 in this section of the number line . Any fractions
01:12 that have values in this range are called proper fractions
01:15 . Because we can use these values to represent smaller
01:17 parts of things are third rule is this If the
01:21 top number and bottom number are the same , then
01:23 the value of the fraction is always just one .
01:26 So whether you have 1/1 or 5/5 or 100 over
01:30 100 the value is always just one . I'm going
01:34 to call this kind of fraction a whole fraction because
01:36 its value represents one whole . Oh and in case
01:40 you're wondering this rule doesn't apply to 0/0 because like
01:44 I told you , having a zero on the bottom
01:46 of a fraction is a big no , no .
01:48 Okay . Our last rule is this . If the
01:51 top number is greater than the bottom number , Then
01:54 the value of the fraction will be bigger than one
01:57 . That means it will be somewhere in this section
01:58 of the number line which goes on forever . These
02:01 are called improper fractions because even though they're written like
02:04 regular fractions , since their value is greater than one
02:07 , they aren't really used to represent smaller parts of
02:09 things . All right . These rules show that we
02:12 have four main types of fractions . We have zero
02:15 fractions , proper fractions , whole fractions and improper fractions
02:20 . Knowing that these main types are in order from
02:22 smallest to largest on the number line allows you to
02:25 do some very simple comparisons between the four types of
02:28 fractions . That's because we know that a zero fraction
02:32 is always less than a proper fraction , and a
02:34 proper fraction is always less than a whole fraction and
02:37 a whole fraction is always less than an improper fraction
02:40 . Let's do a few comparisons to get the hang
02:42 of it . Here we have 1/5 and 0/8 .
02:46 Since 1/5 is a proper fraction and 0/8 . zero
02:50 fraction . 1/5 is greater than 0/8 . Now ,
02:54 let's do 3/8 and 2/2 . 3/8 is a proper
02:59 fraction , and 2/2 is a whole fraction . So
03:02 that means that 3/8 is less than 2/2 . Now
03:06 , what about 9/9 and 32/32 ? Now , that's
03:10 easy . Since they're both whole fractions and whole fractions
03:13 are always equal to one . These fractions are equal
03:17 . And finally , what about one half and 5/4
03:21 ? Now , we know that one half is a
03:22 proper fraction , but 5/4 is an improper fraction because
03:26 it's top number is bigger than its bottom number .
03:28 So that means that one half is less than 5/4
03:32 . Now that we know that there are four basic
03:35 types of fractions and we've learned where they fit on
03:37 the number line . Let's learn more about how the
03:39 relationship between the top and bottom numbers affects the value
03:43 of a fraction . Let's go on a journey down
03:45 our number line . Now we're gonna start with this
03:47 zero fraction 0/20 and its value puts us here at
03:51 zero on the number line . To get moving all
03:54 we have to do is start changing the value of
03:56 our fraction by increasing the top number . We're going
03:58 to leave the bottom number the same the whole time
04:00 . No . All right , let's go . We
04:04 haven't gotten very far from zero yet . And you
04:06 might have noticed that the top number is still very
04:08 small compared to the bottom number . But as the
04:10 top number gets bigger , the value of our fraction
04:13 is increasing . That tells us that if a fractions
04:16 top number is a lot smaller than its bottom number
04:19 than its value is going to be close to zero
04:21 in this part of the number line . Look at
04:27 this , we're almost to 10 on top . And
04:29 since 10 is half of 20 , we're almost to
04:32 one half on the number line . It's pretty easy
04:35 to figure out what half of something or double something
04:37 is . And we can use that to help us
04:39 compare fractions . Like we know that 9/20 is going
04:42 to be really close to one half on a number
04:44 line . All I know . All right . So
04:49 we've passed one half now and we're making our way
04:51 to the number one . Notice that our top number
04:54 keeps increasing and it's getting closer and closer to 20
04:57 . In fact , when it reaches 20 , we'll
04:59 have arrived at one because 20/20 is a whole fraction
05:03 . Knowing this can also help you estimate of fractions
05:05 value whenever you see a fraction with the top and
05:08 bottom number that are almost the same like 19/20 .
05:12 You know that the value is close to one .
05:14 Yeah . There we've passed one now but we're still
05:18 going and our top number is now bigger than our
05:20 bottom number . Which means we have an improper fraction
05:23 . You can see that the bigger the top number
05:26 gets , the bigger the value of the fraction .
05:28 And we could keep on going forever , but that
05:30 might take all day . Okay . So our journey
05:34 showed us some pretty useful regions of the number line
05:36 . The region near zero where the top number is
05:38 much smaller than the bottom number . The region near
05:41 one half where the top number is about one half
05:43 of the bottom number . The region near one where
05:46 the top number and bottom number are about the same
05:49 . And the region past one where the top number
05:51 is bigger than the bottom number and it keeps on
05:53 going forever . Knowing about these regions can sometimes help
05:57 you quickly estimate the value of some fractions . For
06:00 example , you can estimate that 1/16 is going to
06:04 be pretty small , close to zero on the number
06:06 line . And you can estimate that 29/31 is going
06:10 to be almost one because there's not much difference between
06:13 the top and bottom numbers . And if you have
06:16 the fraction 14/30 , you can estimate that it will
06:19 be about one half since 14 is close to 15
06:23 and 15 is half of 30 . Alright . That
06:26 wraps up this section and I hope it's helped you
06:28 understand the different types of fractions and where they are
06:30 on the number line . You'll understand even better if
06:33 you do the exercises for this section . Good luck
06:36 . And I'll see you next . Yeah , learn
06:39 more at math antics dot com .
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