Review of Fraction Concepts - 5th Grade Math - By Lumos Learning
Transcript
| 00:04 | Hello . I'm Jason with science and math dot com | |
| 00:07 | . And today , what we're going to do is | |
| 00:09 | embark on a journey of learning about fractions , which | |
| 00:13 | is one of the most important topics that you'll ever | |
| 00:15 | study in math . Uh , and that's the concept | |
| 00:17 | of fractions . So if you ever had any problems | |
| 00:20 | with fractions in the past or fractions have kind of | |
| 00:23 | confused you or working problems with fractions have kind of | |
| 00:26 | been something that you didn't enjoy because it was confusing | |
| 00:28 | to you . Then take a deep breath and realize | |
| 00:31 | you're in the right place . Just erase everything you | |
| 00:34 | thought you ever knew about fractions and follow me step | |
| 00:37 | by . Step through these lessons , and what we'll | |
| 00:39 | do is start at the very beginning and work our | |
| 00:42 | way up skill by skill so that you're not gonna | |
| 00:45 | only understand how to do fractions . But you'll build | |
| 00:47 | your skills and you'll build your confidence . And that's | |
| 00:50 | the most important thing in math and in science . | |
| 00:53 | So what we're gonna do in this section is begin | |
| 00:55 | by talking about a review of basic fraction concepts . | |
| 00:59 | By this point , we've all been exposed to what | |
| 01:01 | a fraction generally is , but it's always good to | |
| 01:03 | do a little review to solidify concepts . So , | |
| 01:07 | in a nutshell , of fraction is basically a way | |
| 01:11 | for you to write a number that expresses something that's | |
| 01:15 | less than one . That's what it's for . I | |
| 01:17 | mean , if I have a pin here , this | |
| 01:18 | is a pen . It's one pen , right ? | |
| 01:20 | If I grab another guy here , I have two | |
| 01:22 | pins and grab another one . I have 3456 pins | |
| 01:25 | , right ? But what if I want to talk | |
| 01:27 | about less than one pin ? What if I want | |
| 01:29 | to break this guy in half and express half of | |
| 01:31 | this pin ? Well , what if I want to | |
| 01:33 | cut this this pen and quarters and express one quarter | |
| 01:36 | of of this pen ? So see , those are | |
| 01:38 | fractions . Those are ways to write down the number | |
| 01:40 | to tell me when I have less than one whole | |
| 01:43 | unit of something so you can talk about pens or | |
| 01:46 | you can talk about pizzas or you can talk . | |
| 01:47 | You can talk about peanut butter and jelly sandwiches , | |
| 01:50 | but in all cases you're trying to write down that | |
| 01:52 | fraction that tells you when you have something less than | |
| 01:54 | one . So if you want to write that down | |
| 01:56 | in words . What ? You might see your teacher | |
| 01:58 | talk about a fraction . A lot of ways you'll | |
| 02:05 | see it written down is part over whole , right | |
| 02:13 | ? So you remember this from from basic fractions that | |
| 02:15 | you've probably learned earlier . You have this fraction bar | |
| 02:17 | . There's something on top . There's something on the | |
| 02:19 | bottom , and this is basically part . This is | |
| 02:22 | how many of what you have . And this is | |
| 02:24 | how many slices or or divisions of something you have | |
| 02:28 | . And so the easiest way to really drill that | |
| 02:30 | in is for a simple example . So , for | |
| 02:33 | instance , let's say that I have , you know | |
| 02:36 | , a pie or a pizza or something that's a | |
| 02:39 | circle . Could be a cake , right ? So | |
| 02:41 | right now I have one cake or one pizza or | |
| 02:44 | one pumpkin pie . Whatever , right . But let's | |
| 02:46 | say I want to represent something less than one . | |
| 02:50 | So let's say I have a friend over hanging out | |
| 02:53 | with me , and so I cut this pie or | |
| 02:56 | this pizza or whatever it is into four equal pieces | |
| 02:58 | . So obviously I can give one piece to each | |
| 03:00 | of my four friends , and we'll each have an | |
| 03:03 | equal amount of this pizza . But let's say just | |
| 03:06 | to kind of illustrate this . Let's say I cut | |
| 03:08 | this pizza into four pieces , and then I give | |
| 03:11 | only one of the four pieces away to my friend | |
| 03:14 | , because maybe I'm hungry and I want to keep | |
| 03:16 | the rest of it . So I want to give | |
| 03:18 | this away to a friend . So how do you | |
| 03:20 | write that down in terms of math , Right . | |
| 03:22 | So the fraction right , you would express this as | |
| 03:26 | a fraction because I'm not giving him a whole pizza | |
| 03:28 | or a whole cake . I'm giving him a part | |
| 03:31 | of it . What part am I giving him ? | |
| 03:33 | I'm giving him . I'm giving him one piece out | |
| 03:36 | of how many pieces do I have ? I have | |
| 03:39 | four pieces . So this is the fraction 1/4 right | |
| 03:43 | ? So when you have a peanut butter and jelly | |
| 03:45 | sandwich and you cut it into four equal pieces , | |
| 03:47 | then the four goes on the bottom because that's how | |
| 03:50 | many entire pieces you have in the whole sandwich . | |
| 03:53 | Or , in this case , the whole pizza . | |
| 03:55 | But what I'm offering to give somebody is not the | |
| 03:57 | whole sandwich . I'm only giving him one of those | |
| 03:59 | four pieces or one of those four slices . So | |
| 04:02 | the part that I have is only one piece . | |
| 04:04 | So you see this 1/4 is representing less than one | |
| 04:09 | whole pizza hero . One whole cake . It's representing | |
| 04:12 | one out of four pieces . So that's what that | |
| 04:14 | means . Yeah . So let's say we had as | |
| 04:19 | an example another example . Let's say we have a | |
| 04:22 | candy bar . Okay , Now this candy bar is | |
| 04:25 | rectangular , so I'm gonna draw a nice long candy | |
| 04:28 | bar . You see , when you talk about fractions | |
| 04:30 | , you don't have to deal with circular things . | |
| 04:32 | Could be anything , anything that you can cut up | |
| 04:34 | , you can talk about as a fraction . Now | |
| 04:36 | , let's say that this that this candy bar I | |
| 04:41 | again want to give some of this candy . But | |
| 04:44 | I only have one candy bar , but I want | |
| 04:45 | to give some of it to a friend . So | |
| 04:47 | I divided up . Let's just say into four equal | |
| 04:51 | pieces . This is four equal pieces . Okay , | |
| 04:55 | Now , let's say this time I'm not terribly hungry | |
| 04:57 | , so I really want to give my friend most | |
| 05:00 | of this candy bar . So I give him this | |
| 05:02 | piece , I give him this piece . That's the | |
| 05:06 | second piece I give him the third Equal Peace . | |
| 05:08 | And I'm gonna keep this piece for myself . All | |
| 05:11 | right , So how much of this candy bar do | |
| 05:14 | I actually give to my friend ? Well , how | |
| 05:17 | many parts am I giving him ? I have three | |
| 05:19 | parts here . And how many parts whole parts do | |
| 05:23 | I have in the entire candy bar ? 1234 So | |
| 05:27 | you see , I give him three out of four | |
| 05:29 | pieces . That's what a fraction is . This is | |
| 05:31 | representing less than one candy bar . It's not a | |
| 05:34 | whole candy bar . It's less than that . I'm | |
| 05:36 | giving him three out of four pieces . So that's | |
| 05:38 | the Fraction 3/4 . Now is a good time to | |
| 05:42 | review the special names that we have for the top | |
| 05:45 | and the bottom of this fraction . When you have | |
| 05:47 | a fraction , the top number is always called the | |
| 05:50 | Numerator . I know it's a big , fancy sounding | |
| 05:55 | word , but it's called numerator , and the bottom | |
| 05:59 | number is always called the denominator Right ? You can | |
| 06:06 | kind of think of denominator denominator being on the bottom | |
| 06:10 | denominator on the bottom so you can kind of get | |
| 06:12 | that . And the numerator is the top number . | |
| 06:14 | So over in this fraction , the three is called | |
| 06:16 | the Numerator , and the four is called the Denominator | |
| 06:19 | . And so that's just a term . So what | |
| 06:21 | I want to do next is give you one more | |
| 06:24 | example with fractions , just to kind of refresh your | |
| 06:26 | memory what we're talking about . So let's say we | |
| 06:29 | have another pie because I love to eat pie , | |
| 06:34 | all right . And this pie , we're not going | |
| 06:36 | to cut it into four pieces like we did up | |
| 06:38 | here . We're going to actually cut it into eight | |
| 06:40 | pieces . So the easiest way to do that is | |
| 06:42 | to slice it across the middle , right and then | |
| 06:45 | slice it straight up and down . That gives us | |
| 06:47 | four pieces and then to get to eight pieces , | |
| 06:50 | I'm going to crisscross and sliced this way and then | |
| 06:52 | crisscross and sliced this way . And if we count | |
| 06:55 | everything 12345678 That's eight pieces of pie total . So | |
| 07:01 | I have one pie , but I'm cutting it into | |
| 07:02 | eight pieces . Now let's say that I'm generous and | |
| 07:06 | I'd like to give my neighbor three of these pieces | |
| 07:08 | . So if this is one piece that I give | |
| 07:11 | to this person , this is Piece number two These | |
| 07:13 | are all supposed to be the same size , and | |
| 07:16 | this is peace number three . My question to you | |
| 07:18 | is , what fraction of pie am I giving to | |
| 07:21 | my neighbor ? What fraction of Pai Mei given to | |
| 07:24 | my neighbor ? Well , what you do is you | |
| 07:26 | look part out of whole . How many parts ? | |
| 07:29 | How many pieces of pie am I giving this person | |
| 07:31 | ? I'm giving them three pieces , so I put | |
| 07:33 | my fraction bar . How many total pieces of pie | |
| 07:36 | do I have ? I have eight pieces . We | |
| 07:38 | talked about that . So it's eight . So 3/8 | |
| 07:41 | is the answer here . Three out of eight pieces | |
| 07:44 | , and that is mostly when I want to accomplish | |
| 07:46 | in this section . It's a great review of a | |
| 07:48 | concept of what a fraction is . A fraction is | |
| 07:51 | just trying to give you the means to be able | |
| 07:54 | to describe when you have less than one of something | |
| 07:57 | . We all know if we have one one pie | |
| 07:59 | or one cake or two basketballs , or three pumpkins | |
| 08:02 | or five watermelons . We we know how to count | |
| 08:04 | watermelons , but what happens if you have less than | |
| 08:06 | a watermelon ? What if I'm only going to give | |
| 08:08 | this person you know , two thirds of the watermelon | |
| 08:11 | that would be two out of three pieces . If | |
| 08:13 | I cut that watermelon into three pieces and give two | |
| 08:16 | pieces away , that would be two out of three | |
| 08:18 | pieces . Two thirds . That's another fraction in all | |
| 08:21 | of these cases . The numerator is the top number | |
| 08:24 | , The bottom number is the denominator , and this | |
| 08:26 | is a good introduction of fractions . So make sure | |
| 08:28 | you understand this topic . Make sure it's very understandable | |
| 08:31 | , very at the forefront of of your understanding there | |
| 08:34 | , and then meet me on into the next section | |
| 08:36 | , where we will continue learning about fractions and how | |
| 08:38 | to work with them . |
Summarizer
DESCRIPTION:
Get the full course at: http://www.MathTutorDVD.comâ In this lesson, you will learn what a fraction is and why it is important. We will begin by introducing the concept of a fraction as part / whole. The student will learn to draw fractions graphically to understand what the fraction represents. View more lessons at ScienceAndMath.com
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